Table of Content

25 August 2018, Volume 32 Issue 4

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Original Paper

Japans East Asia Summit Diplomacy:Background, Path and Implications

BAI Ruchun

2018, 32(4):  1-7.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.001

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The annual summit of East Asian leaders has become a platform for games between East Asian countries and countries like the United States and Russia. As one of the earliest ASEAN partners for dialogue and cooperation, Japan has long been regionalizing its regional diplomacy through regional, subregional, and bilateral channels, and highlighting its “comprehensive relationship” with ASEAN and Southeast Asian countries. In each of the different stages of these sumits-preparation, conferencing, and implementation of agreementsJapan has formed an effective mode of participation.

Content, Motives and Influence of Japans IndoPacific Strategy under Multilateral Security Cooperation

GAO Lan

2018, 32(4):  8-16.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.002

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Since 2007, Japans IndoPacific Strategy" has matured. From the perspective of multilateral security cooperation, Japan has constructed a cooperation chain of Japan, USA, Australia and India, which has caused widespread concern in the IndoPacific region.We must carefully analyze the antagonistic elements in its strategic design, promote practical cooperation and common management, to ensure stability and prosperity in the IndoPacific region.

Security Cooperation of the Abes Administration with Vietnam:Routes, Motives and Effects

CHANG Sichun

2018, 32(4):  17-24.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.003

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Strengthening security cooperation with Vietnam is an important part of Japans security strategy for Southeast Asia. In recent years, the Abe administration has established a positive security diplomacy mechanism through active summit diplomacy. It combines the “soft” and “hard” approaches to help Vietnam to enhance its military strength, and actively strengthens the security cooperation through many other ways, such as military exercises, strategic docking of ships and aircrafts. The Abe administrations deepening security cooperation with Vietnam has multiple strategic considerations, such as enhancing Japans influence on Asia Pacific security, balancing the rise of China and consolidating the achievements of Japans domestic security strategy adjustment. The deepening security cooperation promoted the improvement of JapanVietnam relations, but exacerbated tensions in the South China Sea to a certain extent, increased the pressure on China perimeter security. However, although there is a certain convergence of interests between Japan and Vietnam, their strategic demands are not exactly the same. There are also many restrictive factors in deepening security cooperation. We should pay attention to the strategic focus and resource deployment, boost our strategic confidence, strengthen cooperation with Vietnam, and defeat the scheme of Japan.

From the Bakumatsu Reforms to the Meiji Ishin: The Interaction between Continuity and Variability

SONG Cheng-you

2018, 32(4):  25-33.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.004

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From 1854 to 1867, the Japanese Bakufu promoted a series of Bakumatsu reforms, namely, Ansei, Benkyu, and Keio, aiming to end underdevelopment and isolation. These reforms mainly involved the foundation of Europeanstyle military academies as well as the modernization of armed forces, the training of qualified diplomats and military personnels, the import and manufacture of western weaponry, and the coordination among the Bakufu, the Tenno and Daimyos. In 1868, the Boshin War broke out. Following the collapse of the Bakufu and the formation of the Meiji government, the Meiji Ishin expanded its modernization efforts with the establishment of a centralized political system and with the introduction of capitalism. In general, the Japanese modernization reforms demonstrate both continuity and variability. On the one hand, originated from the Bakumatsu reforms, the Meiji Ishin shared a similar basic state policy on modernization. On the other hand, the change of the guiding principle of modernization, the different attitude toward the unequal treaties and the establishment of a centralized system also showed discontinuity and variability. This duality of continuity and variability may have resulted from the historical connections between the Tobakuundou and the Meiji Ishin in terms of the global political context, the modernizing process, and the interpersonal connections.

The National Consciousness of Modern Japan in the Meiji Restoration

LI Xiaobai， ZHOU Songlun

2018, 32(4):  34-41.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.005

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Reviewing research on Meiji Restoration, many scholars have achieved fruitful results, but there are also some unanswered questions. A review of research shows that the view of different times was influenced by different contexts. Meiji Restoration is a typical example, and the original meaning of “Sonnōjōi” is underestimated. Japan established a national system of “one king and all people” during the Meiji Restoration, and its strong national consciousness has been playing an important role in the following more than hundred years.

The Meiji Restoration and the Formation of Diplomatic System of Modern Japan

SONG Zhiyong

2018, 32(4):  42-49.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.006

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Diplomatic system of modern Japan was gradually formed in the process of Bakumatsu reforms and the Meiji Restoration. It was established in contacts, negotiations and learning with the West. It both adopted the form of Western diplomatic system and inherited traits from Japans traditional political culture. The modernization of diplomacy in Japan was not the result of the Meiji Restoration. The formation of diplomatic awareness, the establishment of the first diplomatic agency, the accumulation of experience in foreign affairs, and the nurturing of future diplomats during the Bakumatsu era-all laid a good foundation for diplomatic modernization of the Meiji government. The focused attention and vigorous push of the Meiji government ensured the formation of diplomatic system of modern Japan within a very short time.

From Multi to Monoelement Transition: An Aspect of Meiji Diplomacy Revolution and Practice in Japan

ZHANG Xiaogang

2018, 32(4):  50-57.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.007

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At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, facing the challenges from the Western world, the shogunate could not maintain its diplomatic policies of the old time.The emperor of Japan, the shogunate, and strong local military leaders shared the right of diplomacy.And the “One World Under the Sky” system existed together with the Westphalian system.After the Tokugawa Shogunate, the diplomatic revolution once focused on efforts to achieve a unified diplomacy. The “One World Under the Sky” system was completely abandonned, and the diplomatic rigths were restored to the emperor. Foreign affairs were manipulated in the name of “Office by the Emperor”. With the independence of the Japanese Staff Officer Department from Japanese government, the right of diplomacy was broken,and Japanese Staff Officer Department arbitrarily interpreted the scope of military affairs and exercised de facto diplomatic functions according to their own wishes.Moreover,the wandering militaryman on the continent also engaged in diplomatic activities outside the system through private channels, which further led to the decentralization of the Meiji governments diplomatic decisionmaking power and functions.

The Freezing and Activation of Revolution：The Single Monarch and Common People Structure in Meiji Restoration

ZHANG Dong

2018, 32(4):  58-66.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.008

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During the turbulent late Shogunate period, Tabernacle Party initiated a movement in the name of emperor's governance and restoration of the past, realized a power revolution, strengthened the imperial power but put it under certain restrictions and froze the revolution with single monarch and common people structure, which also provided the possibility for the practice of modern western political thoughts. The ideas of freedom and civil rights underwent changes during the Meiji Restoration. Take Ueki Mochizuki as an example. He separated civil rights from political power and private rights from public rights, and integrated it into people's right of resistance while giving the emperor great powers.Under the single monarch and common people structure, the concept of natural human rights theory was seemingly powerful but actually fictional. There are opportunities and boundaries for the development of free civil rights. When it attempted to realize the ideals of single monarch and common people structure through representative systems, the fundamental conflicts between them made it possible for the frozen revolution to be activated again.

The Influence of Chinese Culture on the Iki Aesthetic Standard in the Edo Period-Based on Quotations in The Structure of Iki by Kukisyuuzou

XU Jinfeng

2018, 32(4):  67-72.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.009

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When explaining the iki aesthetic standard, Kukisyuuzou cited a large number of literary works of the Edo period in The Structure of Iki. Most of the citations are quotations of “innjouhonn”. The development of “ninnjouhonn” was deeply influenced by Chinese popular novels. This article discusses the influence of Chinese literature on “ninnjouhonn” and the impact of Chinese culture on iki aesthetic standard in the Edo period.

The Current Situation and Countermeasures of Elder Abuse in Japan

PIAO Chengri， SHI Xueshan

2018, 32(4):  73-80.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2018.04.010

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Japan is one of the countries facing the most serious aging problems. With the increase of the the elderly population, the incidents of elder abuse occurred frequently, which has been a social issue of wide concern. Therefore, Japan clearly defined the meaning, type, and form of expression of elder abuse by enacting the Law of Prevention of Cruelty to the Elderly and Support for the Care and Elder Abuse Response Manual,etc. At the same time, special agencies such as Center Against Elder Abuse and Welfare Service for the Elderly were set up, and effective measures such as “timely decection” and “active intervention” were adopted. At present, Japan has established a topdown countermeasure system and has achieved good results.