Abstract: During the turbulent late Shogunate period, Tabernacle Party initiated a movement in the name of emperor's governance and restoration of the past, realized a power revolution, strengthened the imperial power but put it under certain restrictions and froze the revolution with single monarch and common people structure, which also provided the possibility for the practice of modern western political thoughts. The ideas of freedom and civil rights underwent changes during the Meiji Restoration. Take Ueki Mochizuki as an example. He separated civil rights from political power and private rights from public rights, and integrated it into people's right of resistance while giving the emperor great powers.Under the single monarch and common people structure, the concept of natural human rights theory was seemingly powerful but actually fictional. There are opportunities and boundaries for the development of free civil rights. When it attempted to realize the ideals of single monarch and common people structure through representative systems, the fundamental conflicts between them made it possible for the frozen revolution to be activated again.

Key words: Meiji Restoration, power revolution, modern emperor system, freezing, activate