Japanese Research

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Change of Japanese Public and Private View after World War

WANG Meng

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.001

Abstract （795）

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After the war the Japanese public and private concept has undergone three changes. At the beginning of the postwar period, with the feudalism of the modern emperor system and the disintegration of the family system, desalination of the “despising the public” concept, and awareness rise of freedom, democracy and human rights, the private view gets attention and emphasis. During the period of economic growth, the modern enterprise became the emerging community of Japan, the familylike sequence hierarchy of the Japanese traditional masterslave relationship, and the ethical integration of “kindness” and “incorporation” are involved into the enterprise system. The object generally points to the enterprise, so the public awareness is high. After the bursting of the bubble economy, the traditional business model of lifelong employment system has been impacted, the individual ability is rising, the loyalty consciousness of the enterprise has weakened, and the tendency of family and personal selfinterest has been raised. At the same time, the emphasis on patriotism as well as the voice to build a fair platform between public and private individuals in the country, reflect the new trends of Japanese public and private view.

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Research on Inner Relationship of Watsuji Tetsuro’s “Fudogaku” and “Rinrigaku”

GENG Zi-jie

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 10-15. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.002

Abstract （977）

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Watsuji Tetsuro (1889-1960) is a wellknown Japanese ethicist, philosopher and ideologist, whose core ideas consist of two significant branches: Fudogaku and Rinrigaku. The publication of Rinrigaku which is as Ningengaku (1934) and Fudo——a study as ningengaku (1935) marked the initial shape of Watsuji Tetsuro’s thoughts. There is close relationship between Fudogaku and Rinrigaku. According to the initial statements of Fudogaku, the core structure of his philosophical thought remained intentionality, until the establishment of his ingenious concept of “Aidagara”, which switched the structure of Fudogaku from intentionality to Aidagara. However, Fudogaku and Rinrigaku of Watsuji Tetsuro still confront with numerous suspicion and issues. If Fudogaku is regarded as the thought which is produced by various nations and cultures, it would reflect the fundamental problems of the Rinrigaku.

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Evolution of Japanese Modern Religious Organization Law and Changes of Idea

HUANG Xiao-lin

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 16-22. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.003

Abstract （761）

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Modern Japanese law of religious Organization has nearly 150 years history, which has begun since Meiji government’s State Shinto policy, and undergone Meiji Constitution Law, Religious Organization Law, Japan Constitution and Religious Corporation Law. The legislation idea has experienced major changes: the freedom of belief has gradually expanded, and the government’s power to suppress religion has reduced. Finally three ideas have been established: religious freedom, separation religion and state, separation of the sacred and the secular. This change is the inevitable requirement of the development of religious affairs, it is also Japanese deep reflection of individuals and society, which came from the policy to suppress religious freedom. It shows the inevitable trend of the social and human spiritual development.

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Survey and Research on Chinese and Japanese Female College Students’ Ideology on Employment, Marriage and Family Life

CUI Ying-chun 1，PU Shu-zhen 1，ZHANG Zhe-xi 2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 23-33. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.004

Abstract （1037）

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According to the questionnaire survey conducted by Chinese and Japanese universities, the study makes an empirical analysis of the future ideal life pattern, employment, marriage and childbearing and family consciousness of female college students in China and Japan. The study found that although Japanese female college students’ views on the future ideal life presented diversified, they did not think that they should be employed as a man to bear the responsibility of raising a family while sharing the housework and childcare work. While the female college students in China have a stronger sense of responsibility as a social professional role, and have a higher awareness of gender equality in employment, marriage and family than Japanese female college students, but they still attach importance to their future role as mothers, and when the work and parent are incompatible, they are more likely to choose the latter. It is still necessary for China to strengthen the sense of gender equality in the society so that more young women will have the sense of selfreliance as men, at the same time, men ought to have the work and family balance with women. Therefore, the future of college students lifestyle planning and future career planning of education is particularly important. Both men and women can share social and family responsibilities in order to promote women’s fair employment and promote the harmonious development of society.

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Reexamination and Revaluation of Kominkan’s Social Function in Japan

DING Nuo-zhou，ZHANG Min

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 34-40. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.005

Abstract （770）

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Kominkan is a social education and welfare system institution with Japanese characteristic. At its beginning, Kominkan’s duty was only for the social education. But now, Kominkan became the key point of the disaster prevention center, selfgoverning institution, broadcast station of local culture, and the cooperation of culture, art and sport, plays an important role to strengthen cohesion. The Kominkan of Japan can catch the changes of Japan, find out the new problems and issues, and then try to solve these problems within its own charging area. The position, function and the influence of Kominkan in the social welfare system deserve us to study for reference.

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“Cool Japan”——from Media Catchphrase to National Strategy

XIONG Wen-li

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 41-48. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.006

Abstract （657）

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The term “Cool Japan” has gained popularity since 2002. Originally it serves as a synonym for Japan’s modern popular culture, then transforms into an outstanding symbol of the country’s charm and glamour. This process clearly demonstrates how “Cool Japan”, which began as a media catchphrase, but then elevated to be a key word of national strategy. Besides, its meaning and content are constantly changing, encompassing things such as specific cultural products, Japanese lifestyle, and even Japanese values. Owing to active promotion by Japanese government, “Cool Japan” has gradually evolved into a powerful tool for boosting economic growth, building Japanese spiritual solidarity, and fostering national identification and imagination. Therefore, the “Cool Japan” phenomenon deserves our special attention as well as careful analyses.

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Study on Basic Education in Japan’s Edo Period

HAO Shi-hai1，JING Hua-wei2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 49-56. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.007

Abstract （715）

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In Japan, education issues in Edo period have always been an important topic in the Edo period research. In fact the education of Edo period begins at fetal, and pay special attention to the education of children and teenagers. The basic education momentum emerged in the development of commodity economy with urban common people are adversely affected. The social stability of Edo period depends on schools and families’ participating in education, jointly develop people with both ability and political integrity for social needs. It can be said that this is a kind education model with official and private schools, family, the area of trinity, joint and open. Thoughts of basic education in the Edo period have modern and contemporary consciousness, which can offer enlightenment and reference on interpretation and research on the thought to solve the modern society of China basic education.

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Development of Japanese Think Tanks and its Enlightenment after World War

Liu Shuang-xi

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 57-65. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.008

Abstract （651）

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The development of Japanese thinktank is later than that of Europe and America, but it grows rapidly. After three stages of beginning, development, and maturity, five types of thinktank have been formed which are named as official think tank, quasiofficial think tank, enterprise think tank, folk think tank and university think tank. They have remarkable developing features and unique operation mechanism. Therefore, a system of thinktank with Japanese characteristics has come into being, which provides a useful reference for the construction of think tank in other countries.

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Fantasy of “Japanese” and the Reality of“Villages”——Case Study of NOGAWA Takashi's Novel Japanese Going to the Villlages

Zhao Hai-tao

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 66-72. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.009

Abstract （706）

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The novel Japanese Going to the Villages, which is the Japanese writer NOGAWA Takashi’s early creative novels. It depicts the condition of the Japanese investigators cooperatives in the puppet Manchukoku, particularly their engagement with the villagers, which is estimated to demonstrate the rare intimacy distinct from the other literature by most people. The paper is grounded in the historical facts of the agricultural cooperative societies, centering on Japanese Going to the Villages, along with the other three works. Here, we redefine the collision between the reality of “Villages” and the fantasy of “Japanese”, and the underlying essence of the two nations’ nonnegotiable conflicts.

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Construction and Fall of “Female Kingdom”——Study on Japanese Women’s Magazine Female Art

Li Wei

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (1): 73-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.01.010

Abstract （750）

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Female Art is a comprehensive literary magazine established by Hasegawa Sigure on July 1928. Since all the editors and writers contributing to this magazine are females, it is criticized as “female kingdom”. However, the construction of such a “female kingdom” not only provides a publishing platform for Showa Era’s females, for instance, help new writers like Hayasi Humiko in the literary circle, but also a stage for Japanese women to earn political and cultural rights, which has left an indelible trace in Showa literary history and female history. If we interpret the construction and fall of “female kingdom” from its critical articles and literary writings, Showa Era Japanese women’s spiritual and social quest can be observed and Japanese feminist development can be illustrated.

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Analysis on Propulsion and Results on Japan's ITbased Country Strategy

LI Dan-lin 1, MA Xue-li 2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.001

Abstract （709）

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“ITbased Country” Strategy is the concentrated reflection of Japan's strategy “basing the country on science and technology” on promoting the development of specific industries.Under the multiple pressure actuation, Japan greatly promoted the “ITbased” strategy with the construction of information infrastructure, the application of information technology and the social information construction as the core and continually developed and improved the strategic framework. In the process of implementing the “ITbased” strategy, Japan has made great strides in the aspects of toplevel design, infrastructure, social application and personnel construction to promote the strategy. And it has made remarkable achievements in information infrastructure, the level of information technology, information social construction and international competitiveness. Based on the experience of Japan, China should form the stepbystep strategic system, realize the division and cooperation among each innovation unit and pay attention to the combination of information development strategy and other strategies, especially the standard internationalization strategy in the development of information technology and related industries.

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Distribution System, Income Inequality and Crossing of Middleincome Trap——Based on the Japanese Experience and Enlightenment

WANG Wan-li 1, WANG Hou-shuang 2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 10-19. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.002

Abstract （648）

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From the middle of the 20th century to the 1980’s, Japan improved gradually the first income distribution system that taking the possession of wealth among the people as the base, stable employment as the core, the minimum wage as the security, the income multiplier as the aim. In the process of redistribution, it has formed the unified balanced fiscal system, direct taxled system and social security system with the feature of insurance, the highamount progressive income tax of classification and grading, and the national social security system. Through the effective supply of the income distribution system, Japan has created the equality myth of “all one hundred million national belonging to the middle class”, which successfully crossed the “middleincome trap” among the ranks of highincome countries. The successful experience of Japan has important inspiration and reference for China with facing residents’ income disparity widening and risk of falling into a “middleincome trap”.

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War Expenses Preparation Mechanisms of Japan in Second World War

PANG Bao-qing

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 20-29. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.003

Abstract （862）

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After the outbreak of the war of aggression against China, Japan adopted the war expenses preparation mechanisms which were established in modern times to provide financial support for the war, which has formed war expenditure centered on special military expenses. Its main sources of income are revenues, government bonds and exploitation of occupied areas. The war expenses preparation depended on public loan that the domestic finance institutions of the Japan issue before the Pacific Ocean war. But after the Pacific Ocean war, the war expenses preparation ways began to shift to the plundering enemyoccupied areas.

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Essence of Greater East Asia Conference and Its Impacts on Manchukuo

JI Hong-xu

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 30-36. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.004

Abstract （646）

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The Greater East Asia Conference, which was held in 1943 as Japan's precaution to consolidate and strengthen its grip on the occupied areas, is a symbolic review of Japanese manipulation. For the puppet Manchukuo, the political exhibition in the Greater East Asia Conference has more profound connotation, marking the strengthening and rerecognition on the puppet Manchuria in Japan's aggression system in the late of the Pacific War. It can seen that Japan's wellplanned Greater East Comference,was held in the event of unfavorable situation in the war situation to intensify the control of the various servant regimes,basically achieved the desired purpose,and to promote the further nationalization of national of the Manchukuo.

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Research on Meansplusfunction Patent Claim of Japan

MAO Ying-hong

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 37-43. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.005

Abstract （587）

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Functional description in patent claims often has the problems of ambiguous meaning and overly large technical scope determined by literal meaning. The functional records have also become a difficult issue in national patent licensing, enforcement procedures and infringement proceedings. Since the revise of Japan patent law in 1994, which includes the machinery and other traditional fields emphasized on structural records, there are a large number claims of functional records and they are actually authorized. This paper studies the recording requirements and methods of interpretation of the Japanese functional limitations, so as to provide China reference to improve the relevant rules.

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Commentary on Thoughts of Jissaiteki kyōikugaku of Sawayanagi Masataro

LI Wei

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 44-49. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.006

Abstract （610）

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Sawayanagi Masataro is an important representative of the new education movement in Meiji and Taisho Period and an advocate of the idea of Jissaiteki kyōikugaku inJapan. His thoughts of Jissaiteki kyōikugaku mainly include the educational purpose, the educational phenomenon, and the most closely related educational problems. Though there are some limitations in Sawaanagi Masataro's thoughts of Jissaiteki kyōikugaku, it has a milestone significance in the development of Japanese education, which is a valuable heritage in the research of Japanese education.

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The historical evolution and the trend of Japanese pedagogy research

NAREN Gao-wa

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 50-54. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.007

Abstract （700）

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Japanese pedagogy research history, the research paradigm as the criterion can be broadly divided into "translation pedagogy "stage, "the Japanese pedagogy" stage, " critical pedagogy" (postwar pedagogy)stage and "after modern pedagogy" (after the cold war pedagogy) stage. But throughout the Japanese pedagogy research process, inheritance and transformation of research paradigm embodies Japanese pedagogy research always permeated with a kind of thinking, critical thinking, the thinking in a certain extent hinder the, of course, more is driving Japanese pedagogy development research. And this kind of thinking is reflected in two kinds of inner pursue, that is, the "science" and the "humanity" of pedagogy.

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Civic Organizations Participation in Local Governance in Japan: Case Study of Autonomy Associations

WANG Bing

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 55-63. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.008

Abstract （728）

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The participation of civic organizations is an important part of governance system. Among it, in the context of decentralization and local residents' autonomy in local governance system, civic organization formed by local residents is an important participant in it. Autonomy associations in Japan both in terms of quantity and the scale of distribution are Japan's largest civic organization, which as a local community civic organizations, plays an active part in local governance. Meanwhile, Autonomy associations with auxiliary administrative function, has the characteristics of maintaining good cooperation and coordination with municipalities and local government. Therefore, it shows the characteristics of "administrative medium type citizen participation mode" in local governance. On the one hand, it mobilizes local residents to participate in local governance, provides public services for the local residents. On the other hand, it advocates its interests through good relations and cooperation with local administration in order to influence the local government.

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Research on Think Tanks of Japanese Typical Labor and Social Security: Main Categories and Feature Analysis

CAI Ze-hao1,YU He-nan2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 64-72. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.009

Abstract （555）

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The development of new type of think tanks with Chinese characteristics has been heated discussed, while Japan, as an early aging society, is likely to shed several light on the building of the professional think tanks on labor and social security. The paper takes a retrospect of the development of typical labor and social security think tanks in Japan with civil, governmental and universitybased categories. Civil think tanks remained professional and fiscal sustainable by combining with charitable foundations: governmental ones are in the integrating trend, with related legislation giving them relative independency; their universitybased counterparts were fiscally competitive by nature, prioritizing the internal and external resource integration. The features of these think tanks include: emphasis on field work and data mining, differential governance by the nature of the thinktank founder, diversified channels of fiscal resources, multilevel deliveries of the influence.

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Analysis on Communitarianism Ideology of Japanese “Muenshi” Researches

LI Shu-qin

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (2): 73-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.02.010

Abstract （605）

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Once “Muenshi” phenomenon was discovered and spread by Japanese TV Station NHK, it has become a hot topic of the society, and lots of researches on it have appeared in the last 5 years. Japan sociology academic attributes it to the disintegration of the community, namely the family disintegration due to the family function, much unemployment because of reformation of employment system. The Japanese society is going to be individualization. From their researches, we could give a conclusion that the academic has not got rid of the ideology of collectivism yet. There is still a tendency that community is a stable, static and cohesive group. However, the ideology not only has contradiction in the logic, but also conform to the Japanese experience.

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Sea Power Game in Western Pacific Ocean Based on Defense Strategy of Isolated Islands of Japan

LIAN De-gui

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.001

Abstract （591）

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The continuous actions by Chinese navy fleet across the international watercourses and straits of first island chain and the continuous military exercises of recapturing islands held by Japan and US, reflect the current situation of sea power game among China, Japan and US around the East China Sea and the control of the first island chain. This game is essentially a strategic competition around of the western Pacific military dominance among China, Japan and US. This article analyzes the specific manifestation of the game from the perspective of the Japanese isolated islands defense strategy, points out especially its strategic significance of blocking China. The defense strategy of isolated islands reflects not only the shift from the local defense to the isolated island defense, but also the strategic attempts of Japan's preventing China from rising up and breaking the first island chain by coordinating with US for AsiaPacific strategy, and Japan's focusing on the defense of military deployment of the Nansei islands. The essence of the defense strategy of isolated islands is a game of the western Pacific sea power among China, Japan and US.

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Japan’s Balancing Strategy towards China and Its Dilemma in Context of Offshore Balance Theory

ZHANG Xin-ping,LI Ling-yu

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 10-19. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.002

Abstract （874）

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Given by a special geographical location, offshore balancers can balance powers by shirking responsibility and building balance leagues, and maintain the balance of powers towards mainland and expand their own power. With the rise of China, Japan’s awareness of containing China in security has boosted unprecedentedly, they also take actions actively to form balancing strategy towards China. In current Asiapacific situation, Japan’s action of balancing China conforms to the general pattern of offshore balancer. Japan shrinks responsibility in the frame of USJapan Alliance, and contains China geographically by using the surrounding powers such as India and ASEAN countries in order to guarantee its security and expand its power. Japan also builds up an alliance with the Asiapacific nations to balance the power of China. However, Japan’s strategy faced with some dilemmas, its goal of balancing China won’t be achieved smoothly. China should realize the nature of Japan’s strategy and the dilemmas it faces accurately, and then cope with it positively.

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Change of China and Japanp’s Asianism Recognition before and after 1919

YIN Hu

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 20-26. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.003

Abstract （634）

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Restructure tide of political system emerged in the world before and after 1919. At the same time, Asia's national independence movement and democratic revolution movement displayed a new trend. This thesis discusses the Asianism recognition of some thinkers of China and Japan, sucha as Sun Zhongshan, Li Dazhao, Uchuda Ryohei, Kita Ikki, and Miyazaki Touten, understand the change tendency of Asianism theories, and clarify the condition of Asianism recognition of China and Japan at that time.

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Inner Relationship between Formation of Japan's Bubble Economy and Monetary Policy Effects——An Empirical Analysis Based on Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism

DENG Mei-wei1,ZHANG Ji-feng2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 27-35. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.004

Abstract （603）

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Based on the monetary policy exchange rate and asset price transmission mechanisms, the SVAR model is built to analyze the inner relationship between the formation of Japan's bubble economy and the effects of monetary policy. The results show that the loose monetary policy implemented by Japan in response to the influences of the appreciation of the yen did not achieve the desired effects in the middle and late 1980s, and the effects on the exchange rate, export and output were not obvious, and the exchange rate mechanism became blocked. However, as loose monetary policy directly pushed up asset prices, the rapid increase of asset prices did not lead to the corresponding increase of investment and output, thus the virtuous cycle of capital market was broken, the transmission between asset prices and investment, as well as between investment and output have been blocked. The monetary policy did not boost the real economy, so it produced excess liquidity and ultimately led to the formation of the bubble economy. In view of this, China should get some lessons, such as implementing monetary policy prudently and taking into comprehensive consideration of policy effects, preventing reasonably the asset bubble expansion, guiding actively the entrepreneurship, innovation and investment which contribute to the real economy.

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ChinaJapan Game and Contest before and after Reform of Legal Currency——From Perspective of National Monetary Sovereignty

NIE Qing-yan1，HE Jun-jie2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 36-43. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.005

Abstract （649）

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The national government of Nanjing made efforts to promote the currency reform and maintain the national monetary sovereignty since its establishment. However, this reform was destroyed by Japan. In order to get rid of the impact of the economic crisis, Japan hastened its financial aggression against southeastern China in 1930s and undermined China’s monetary sovereignty. The silver wave, which has been caused by US, affected China’s economy and society. In response to the financial crisis, the national government decided to implement the reform of legal currency. For reasons of strategy security, the reform scheme was extremely confidential to Japan. All social circles of Japan were indignant with the reform of legal currency, and thought it as an “antiJapan” movement. Therefore, Japan blocked and destroyed the reform with diplomatic threats, economic damage and political interference. On the one hand, the national government adhered to the principles and promote reform as well as made the cautious response to it. In fact, the ChinaJapan game and contest before and after the reform of legal currency was the competition between the China’s national monetary sovereignty and Japan’s socalled “suzerainty”. Japan underestimated the financial management capacity of the Kuomintang, misjudged the developing trend of the world currency, and failed finally in the "currency war".

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Dynamic Analysis and Inspirations of Japan’s Economy Strategy based on Tourism

YANG Qiu-fen,JIANG Ling

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 44-51. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.006

Abstract （818）

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Economy strategy based on tourism was put forward in 2003 in order to attract more overseas tourists by using the country's exceptional natural environment and rich tourism resources, developing international tourism to boost the economic growth, and getting rid of Japan's continuous economic downturn. Due to Japanese government's making efforts, tourism has got remarkable achievements and turned into one of Japan's pillar industries. Combining the global and national political and economic situations and domestic social situation of "low birthrate and aging population", Japan adjusted the development strategy based on tourism for many times, made the tourism into one top-down national movement from central to local government with the integrative boost of industry, education and research. Based on the strategic context and framework of Japan's economy strategy on the basis of tourism, the paper generalizes and analyzes the major features of its dynamic development in order to provide a reference for China's tourism development.

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Thoughts on Opening Country and Trade on Eve of Meiji

XU Xiao-guang,LIN Tong-wei

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 52-58. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.007

Abstract （676）

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Confronted with the internal and external challenges, modern Japan's national isolation system over two hundred years gradually collapsed. The farsighted people in modern Japan began to rethink about the disadvantages of their national isolation system, and turned to advocating opening country and making trade in order to develop the national economy and achieve the national prosperity. Japan's traditional ideologists and enlightenment ideologists came up with their own ideas and opinions about opening country and trading issues from different perspectives, therefore the ideological contention emerged.

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Western Liaoning Bandits and JapanRussia War

PAN De-chang，LI Yue-ming

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 59-63. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.008

Abstract （599）

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In the JapanRussia War, Japan violated the neutrality clause of the Qing Dynasty government and invaded the neutral zone. Centering on Jinzhou, Japan recruited and supported the bandits in western Liaoning to conduct emissary destruction and harass the Russian army. The activities of Western Liaoning bandits constituted the second front in Japan's war against Russia, which pinned and disturbed the military deployment of Russian army as well as ensured Japan army's supply line on sea. The western Liaoning bandits were important armed forces on Japan's victory in JapanRussia War.

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Constitutionalism from Meiji to Early Republic of China: Expect of the Constitutional Consultant Ariga Nagao

LI Chao

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 64-72. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.009

Abstract （484）

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Reviews on Watching Games manifests the theory and regime conception of the constitutional consultant Ariga Nagao’s constitutionalism in the early Republic of China. It contains the deeper basic theories and principles. His various conceptions of constitutionalism in the early Republic of China actually turned the regime reference line of the constitutionalism in the early Republic of China from republicanism country to monarchy country, which took the Meiji constitutionalism as the object of imitation. The corresponding prototype of these theories and principles can be traced back clearly to his early constitutional theoretical system, and furthermore to his constitutional enlightenment teacher Lorenz von Stein's theories. As Japan's political trends since Meiji constitutionalism in the early 20th century drifted off his constitutional expectation, He disguised these theories and regime conception and placed it on the constitutionalism in the early Republic of China.

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Tanizaki Ichiro’s Inheritance and Development of Japanese Traditional Mononoaware Beauty

LEI Fang

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (3): 73-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.03.010

Abstract （648）

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As a master of Japanese aesthetics literature, Tanizaki Junichiro experienced a series of early attempts to find pain and pleasure from abusing and being abused, and later turned to the study on the Japanese classical and oriental classical beauty. He exhausted ten years of efforts to translate the classical masterpiece Genjimonogatari, immersed in the aesthetics world of traditional mononoaware beauty, thus its masterpiece Sazameyuki was born. Tanzaki inherited and extended the beauty of traditional mononoaware beauty through Sazameyuki. The sadness of declining aristocracy, the bad fate of women, and the natural mood of watching the material nature and feeling hurt, all inherited the consciousness of mononoaware beauty in Heian era. At the same time, he also expanded the mononoaware beauty in the funny and constructional way. He created the eternal female who are of tender fortitude also as the sensibility of mononoaware concept. He described the Sakura viewing and other activities in the way of life formulary. The sense of time and season, and the mood of hoping to reach the ancient aesthetic realm were condensed into a stylized taste, and was showed as the new look of modern mononoaware beauty. He also excavated and expanded the space of the sensuous space of the mononoaware beautythe shade, which interweaved illusory, hazy and soft feelings in the dark world of contrasting light and darkness.

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Origin of American Cultural Diplomacy with Japan in Allies Occupation Period

TIAN Qingli

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.001

Abstract （1025）

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During the allied occupation period, JapanU.S. relations was in a special state between a defeated and a victorious country. On the basis of its national strategic interests, in response to the threat of communism, the united states had implemented a series of targeted measures of cultural diplomacy measures in order to ensure the smooth occupation of Japan, and laid the foundation for the smooth development of the subsequent relationship between Japan and the United States. In order to consolidate and ensure the reform achievements that the united states achieved in the period of occupation, Rockefeller III had write the JapanU.S. Cultural Relations Report after he visited Japan, which had epochmaking significance of the postwar JapanU.S. cultural exchanges history. The longterm goal in the report specified direction for pushing the United States deeply development cultural diplomacy with Japan.

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Japan’s Balancing Strategy towards China and Its Dilemma in Context of Offshore Balance Theory

ZHU Huajin

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 10-16. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.002

Abstract （715）

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The father of Meiji constitution Ito Hirobumi's party politics view has experienced a process of transformation from the original concept of "evil party" to the final "party tool theory". This change was based on the Japanese parties' dynamic politics activities after the Meiji constitution was promulgated. Along with the change of party politics view, Ito took different measures on the constitutional political practices on the parties. At the beginning he avoided particularly talking about political parties in the constitutional text and suppressing the political parties, and compromised afterwards to all kinds of parties due to the political need, and created Seiyukai finally. The transition of his view of party politics and practices has a great influence on modern Japanese parties' political activities.

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Research on Features and Future Trends of ChinaJapan Mutual Investment

LIU Hong1, HOU Zhenling2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 17-25. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.003

Abstract （744）

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Though both China and Japan are big exporters of capital, their direct mutual investmentsdiffer greatly in size, industry distributionand investment methods. The formation of these features has a close relation with the ChinaJapan comparative advantages, economic development stage and policy of import capital. As these factors change, Japan's direct investmentstowards China will adjust structurally and transfer from lowend manufacturing industry to medium and highend manufacturing industry and nonmanufacturing industry under the background of steady growth. Meanwhile, China's direct investmentstowards Japan will unlock the growth potential, and not only increase the investment on tourism, real estate and other nonmanufacturing industries, but also the manufacturing industry. There will be some improvement and a new situation of benign interaction for the severe longterm imbalance of ChinaJapan direct mutual investment.

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Read Image of Economic Effectiveness of China’s Boycotting Movement against Japanese Goods in Early 20th Century ——Case Study of Japan's Trade with China

WANG Yaozhen1,2，MA Xiaofei3

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 25-35. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.004

Abstract （613）

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Boycotting movement against Japanese goods is an important phenomenon hanging between China and Japan for more than 30 years in modern age, but there is a great research gap for this phenomenon, and scarce studies have been conducted to survey its economic effectiveness. The current research, both in China and Japan, often thinks there exist overestimation and underestimation concerning the economic effectiveness of the boycotting movement against Japanese goods. However, the estimations, whether it is over or under, are usually made on the basis of shortterm effects or the impact of a single boycotting movement, which could not cast a panoramic picture of the effectiveness of boycotting that lasts for more than 30 years at that time. This study intends to exhibit the boycotting’s economic effectiveness by analyzing Japan’s trade with China, its exports to China, and referencing the trade’s overall process between the early 1920s and the middle 1930s. The study shows there is “a great and a small” effectiveness concerning the impact of the boycotting on shortterm and longterm economic effectiveness respectively, whereas it is “allornothing” regarding the different goods.

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Meiji Restoration Ideas Held by Reformists in Late Qing Dynasty and Its Enlightenment to Research on Japan

LIU Yuebing

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 36-41. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.005

Abstract （764）

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Despite that the Meiji restoration ideas held by Huang Zunxian, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, the representatives of reformists in late Qing Dynasty, had their own characteristics, they also shared some similarities. They all concluded the reasons leading to the success of Meiji restoration as the heroic spirit of the heroes and emphasized that the Japanese heroic spirit was rooted in sinology. What they saw was the similarities between Chinese and Japanese culture, especially some aspects in which China was superior to Japan. Therefore, they were confident about emulating and studying Japanese system and language. This kind of “seeking common grounds in differences” idea hindered the further and indepth study on Japanese culture, and also resulted in the phenomenon which looks similar but quite different in the process of learning from Japan. The research on Japan today shall keep emphasizing on “seeking differences in common” with the study principle of “learning sincerely and studying well”. Only this way, can the level of Japan study be promoted.

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Ito Hirobumi's Understanding of the Constitutionalism in the Late Qing Dynastyhe and the Political Reform in the late Qing Dynasty

CHEN Wei

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 42-49. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.006

Abstract （703）

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Hirobumi investigated the Reform Movement of 1898. He hoped that the constitutionalism system be established in the Qing Dynasty by reform which was orderly and gradual and not Anxiousaggressive. On the other hand, He realized that it was difficult for the Qing Dynasty to get rid of the longstanding corrupt practices in short time. The Qing Dynasty lost the opportunity to reform. The topdown political reform was difficult to succeed for the Qing Dynasty which government was decadent and surrounded by powers who wanted to divide it. The constitutional movement in the Late Qing Dynasty made it clear that the reform for constitutionalism system may result in domestic turmoil or revolution. It would not only overturn the Qing regime but also affect Japan to change.

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Longevity Community Construction and its Practice in Japan

HU Peng

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 50-60. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.007

Abstract （636）

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apan is universally accepted as the longevity country and to be hyper-aged society with significant increase in the elderly over 75 years old. A healthy and longevity society should be that the elderly make a contribution to the society based on their experience, technology and knowledge, and participate in social activities actively when they are healthy and independent. Meanwhile they are able to enjoy care services in community nearby when they can’t take care of themselves and need to be nursed and looked after. Such a healthy and longevity society should be constructed. From the perspective of longevity community construction, this paper explored the process of community construction which respond to the elderly needs of daily life and oldage care in the context of deepening aging society in Japan.

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Medical Care Supply System Reform and Integration of Medical Care in Japan

TIAN Xianglan

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 61-68. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.008

Abstract （742）

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As Japan’s population born in the early postwar period go into the advanced age period of 75 years old in 2025, the medical care needs will increase further. In response to the problems in 2025, the Japanese government has promulgated Social Security System Reform Law(2012), Comprehensive Law To Ensure Regional Medical Care (2014) and Medical Insurance System Reform Association Law(2015) in order to realize the integration of medical care by reforming the medical care supply system and constructing the efficient medical supply system and regional comprehensive care system. Chiba County Municipal Government cooperated with UR urban institutions (original Japanese Housing Corporation) and The Comprehensive Research Institution of Aging Society of Tokyo University for five years, combined the medical treatment, care, prevention and life support services to provide home care service for the elderly by constructing the senior houses of ancillary services as the premise. This strides a solid step to the integration of medical care.

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Current Situation and Solutions of Elders' Poverty in Japan

DING Yingshun

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (4): 69-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.04.009

Abstract （788）

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As the aging of population is becoming severer than before, the poverty of elders is becoming the problem that the whole society concerns about. In one's twilight ages, it's hard for elders to change their incomes and the weak position so that they tend to be poor. Holding the highest aging rate in the world, Japan has already become the depopulation and super aging country. The aging of Japanese society not only means that it aggravates the burden to support elders, but also means that the problem of elders' poverty it brings. Under the situation that the aggravation of aging and elders' poverty problems, Japan took a series of actions to solve this problem and try to guarantee elders' later life. Their experience deserves our reference.

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Study on Japanese Emperor’sCondolence Diplomacy Paradigm

LYU Yao-dong1, XIE Ruochu2

JAPANESE RESEARCH 2017, 31 (5): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2017.05.001

Abstract （707）

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Under the postwar constitutional system, Japanese Emperor deals with a series of state affairs according to congressional resolutions as a symbolic image. The socalled “international goodwill” diplomacy activity is an important constituent part of numerous state affairs while the “condolence diplomacy” is a new paradigm in the Emperor’s diplomatic activities. This kind of diplomatic paradigm is not only closely related to Japan’s historical culture, but also reflecting the trends of Japan’s foreign strategies and domestic political ecology. In order to provide a new perspective to understand more about the Japan’s symbolic Emperor system, Japan’s attitude towards aggressive wars and strategic intentions of diplomacy, a study on the historical origin and development, purpose, target selection, the relationship with rightwing forces and other issues about Japanese Emperor’s condolence diplomacy paradigm will be done in this paper.

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