Abstract: In 1876, Mitsui Bussan was established in Tokyo and established branches around the world, continuously expanding its business scope with a focus on the trade industry. In the late Meiji period, with the development of Japanese capitalism, Mitsui Bussan grew into the largest general trading company in Japan, and became one of the main pillars of the Mitsui Zaibatsu. Mitsui Bussan is seeking its own development while promoting Japans modern economic development from various aspects: promoting trade development, providing capital support, providing talent support, and providing intelligence support. Mitsui Bussan, in cooperation with the Japanese government and supporting other Japanese industrialists and businessmen, is one of the important organizers of Japans modern economic development, as well as one of the pioneers and main forces of Japans modern foreign economic expansion. This is due to the strong strength of Mitsui Bussan as a general trading company, as well as the support of Mitsui Zaibatsu and the Japanese government. As the core enterprise of the Mitsui Zabatsu, Mitsui Bussan vividly reflects the close relationship between the Zaibatsu and the development of Japanese capitalism.

Key words: a general trading company, Mitsui Bussan, modern Japan, economic development, Zaibatsu