Japanese Research

An Analysis of the Reasons for the Failure of“Politically Led” Reform in the Hatoyama Cabinet ——From the Perspective of Principal-Agent Theory

CHEN You-jun,WANG Xing-ao

2022, 36(4): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.001

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During the Trump administration, through political, military and economic policy adjustments toward the US, Abe administration attempted to realize Abes personalized governing philosophy, hedge against the uncertainty of Trumps policies, and counterbalance the “security threats” from China and North Korea. Although both Japan and the US witnessed a change in leadership around 2021, the postAbe era will see a high degree of consensus between Japan and the US on the issue of counterbalancing China. Therefore, Kishida administration will basically continue the established course planned by the Abe administration, actively cooperating with the Biden administrations policy of counterbalancing China while further attempting to enhance Japans international political and economic status and strategic autonomy. As a result, the uncertainty of SinoJapanese relations will rise significantly in the future, and SinoJapanese relations may once again show a situation of “cold politics and cold economy”. In view of this, China needs to take active measures to properly handle its relations with Japan and the United States. coalition”. During the longterm independent ruling of the Liberal Democratic Party (1955 to 1993), the presidential election was conducted by faction. Factions were tools for presidential candidates to canvass votes or win the majority. It is an “abnormal state” for a nonfactional leader to serve as president—emergency temporary measures by the Liberal Democratic Party. Under the parallel electoral system of proportional representation in small electoral districts, the factional politics of the Liberal Democratic Party shows different characteristics from those under the electoral district system—the function of factions and their binding force are significantly weakened. Especially in the presidential election, the faction has been reduced from “the protagonist” to “a supporting role”. It has become a “new normal” for a nonfactional leader to become president, and a faction leader to become president is an anomaly. Regardless of the future development trend of LDP factional politics, its invariable logic is it is still governed by the rules of the invisible political game.

Research on the Influence of RCEP on Sino-Japanese Trade in Goods

MA Wen-xiu, LI Rui-yuan

2022, 36(4): 11-26. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.002

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China and Japan are important trading partners to each other. The structure of trade products of the two sides is highly concentrated, the market is highly interdependent, and trade competitiveness and complementarity coexist. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) will have a great impact on ChinaJapan trade in goods through the trade creation effect, trade diversion and trade reversal effect of ChinaJapan mutual tariff concessions, the lowering effect of the preferential threshold of the cumulative rules of origin, the costreducing effect of customs procedures and trade facilitation, and the indirect exportdriven effect of trade in services and investment agreements. The simulation evaluation results of the GTAP model show that the tariff reduction between China and Japan will promote the import and export scale of both countries and have a stronger effect on Japan, improve their GDP and social welfare but deteriorate Chinas term of trade and and trade balance. The bilateral import and export volume in all industries between China and Japan will increase, but the industry heterogeneity is obvious, of which the textile will have the largest increase in exports to Japan，and mechanical and electrical products have the largest increase in imports from Japan. Chinas goods trade deficit with Japan will increase. Therefore, China should formulate flexible policies to respond to industrial shocks, make full use of the Cumulative Rules of Origin, pay attention to the promotion of preferential arrangements for nontariff barriers, and do a good job in preventing trade risks.

An Analysis on Japan's Singles Economy

WANG Lei1, ZHOU Jia-xuan2 , CHEN Yin-hu2

2022, 36(4): 27-39. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.003

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Based on the data from previous national situation surveys in Japan from 1980 to 2020 and the household income and consumption survey from 2000 to 2020, by analyzing the population sociology and demographic economics characteristics of marriage, employment, income and consumption of the single group in Japan, this paper preliminarily investigated the status and potential of economic development of the single population in Japan. The study found that in 2020, the number of single people aged 15 and above in Japan exceeded 43 million, and the proportion of single people exceeded 40%. From 1980 to 2020, the number and proportion of single people continued to increase. The single population is mainly unmarried, and the ratio of divorce and widowhood of single women is significantly higher than that of single men. The proportion of unmarried, divorced and widowed living alone is increasing. The unmarried people living alone are masculine and aging, but the number of elderly single households is gradually increasing, and the trend of feminization and aging is prominent. From 2000 to 2020, the employment rate of single people declined, the monthly per capita income level of singlefamily workers was slightly lower, but the monthly per capita consumption level was higher, and the proportion of consumption for housing, entertainment and socializing was higher. According to the study, the rise of a singles society in Japan has promoted the development and prosperity of its singles economy, which in turn will solidify its singles social characteristics and further make it difficult for Japan to deal with the problem of low birthrate and aging population.

Background and Solution of “2025 Problem” in Japan

TIAN Xiang-lan

2022, 36(4): 40-46. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.004

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In 2025, the Japanese baby boom generation will reach the age of 75, and the demand for medical, nursing and welfare services of the elderly will increase sharply. How to integrate social resources to solve the“2025 Problem”is a major issue facing the Japanese government. In order to solve this problem, the Japanese government has proposed three major paths, namely, establishing a Japanese social security model in the 21st century (2025), building a social security system for all ages; building a regional comprehensive care system to solve the problem of elderly care; building a regional symbiotic society and realize sustainable development of local society. The construction of a regional comprehensive care system and a regional symbiotic society proposed by the Japanese government is an important part of the transformation from the “1970s model”to the “21st century (2025) Japanese model”.

Research on the Introduction and Revision Process of Japan Points-Based System for Highly-Skilled Professionals

MA Wen-tian

2022, 36(4): 47-57. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.005

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Actively attracting highlevel foreign talents is an important national strategy of Japan. In 2012, Japan officially introduced the pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals，which is of great significance to Japans economic industries and technological innovation. An investigation of the background, institutional framework and four revision processes of the pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals revealed that the system serves Japans national strategic goals and is constantly adjusted according to the actual situation. The revision ideas are mainly reflected in three aspects: reducing the conditions for giving points, increasing the project points, and strengthening the preferential treatment measures. From the increasing number of highlyskilled professionals in Japan in the past 10 years, it can be seen that the revisions have been very effective. The pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals complements Japans overseas student policy, exitentry administration policy and immigration policy, providing an institutional guarantee for Japan to attract and retain talents. Since China had already put forward the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, we should pay close attention to and learn from Japans talent introduction measures.

A Review of Studies on Manchurian Railway Since the founding of New China

WANG Yu-qin

2022, 36(4): 58-67. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.006

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After the RussoJapanese War, colonial aggression against China had been carried out by Manchurian Railway of Japans “national policy society” for 40 years. After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the academic community has conducted extensive and indepth research on it and made great achievements, especially in the aspect of special research. The research on the Manchurian Railway is of great significance. After a detailed analysis of these studies, six practical suggestions are put forward for deepening the research on the Manchurian Railway.

Researching Ancient Chinese Architecture from Ancient Chinese Characters ——Taking Goto Asataro’s Speech at the Architectural Society of Japan as an Example

ZHOU Tang-bo, CHEN Luo-xi

2022, 36(4): 68-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.007

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Inspired and advocated by Ito Chuta, a pioneer of modern Oriental architecture and Chinese architecture research, sinologist Goto Asataro delivered a series of lectures on “Viewing Chinese Ancient Architecture from Ancient Chinese Characters” at the Architectural Society of Japan in 1912. These speeches are not mentioned in the modern architectural history of China and Japan. This paper sorts out the origin of the research idea of “researching ancient architecture from ancient Chinese characters”, analyzes the background of Goto Asataro, who is famous for his achievements in sinology, studying ancient Chinese architecture from ancient Chinese characters, and summarizes the theoretical system and theory of ancient Chinese architecture research published by him. The research has retraced the history of modern Chinese architectural research and explored its origin, in order to provide reference for the research of architectural history and architectural archaeology.

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