Japanese Research

Reform of Consumption Tax Hike in Japan Effects and Reference

LI Meng juan

2016, 30(2): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.001

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The reform of Japanese consumption tax hike refers to the reconstitution and adjustment of taxation system structure in which direct tax remains dominant. In the short term，consumption tax hike can be conducive to stabilize fiscal revenue，reduce the risk of debt accumulation，supply social security funding and promote inter general burden balance. Meanwhile，consumption tax hike can also increase the burden for people with medium and low income，influence choices of consumption behaviors，curb economic growth，exacerbate economic fluctuations，and deteriorate the social welfare of the medium and low income groups. Consumption tax hike can not fundamentally resolve the fiscal and social security risks of Japan. China should learn experiences of Japan’s social securities，pay more attention to the impact of finance and the social security system. Chinese Government should make up the funding gap of social security as soon as possible to prevent the payment risks of Social Security.

Long term Economic Recession

LIANG Jun，ZHAO Qing

2016, 30(2): 11-21. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.002

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Since the beginning of 1990s，Japanese economy has stuck in a recession，therefore the analysis of underlying causes of this long term economic recession in Japan has become a hot spot for research of the academia. Empirical analysis shows that，total factor productivity of Japan in 1990s，compared with that in 1980s，displays a descending trend. The descending of Japan’s total factor productivity attributes to the decline of microscopic production efficiency and factors allocation efficiency. The main reason of declining microscopic production efficiency is the sluggish technological progress which is caused by shortage of independent innovation capability and shrinking international market shares. It’s difficult to transform the factors from low efficient industry and enterprises to high efficient ones which is resulted by the retardation of structural adjustment，therefore factors allocation efficiency drops. Japan’s total factor productivity impacts restrictions on the growth of potential output，and the output gap is produced by the lack of demand，both of which leads to the long term economic recession in Japan. Under the background of promoting management in supply side in China，we should probe into Japan’s total factor productivity fluctuation，its causes and impacts on Japanese economy. It is of practical significance for the healthy and sustainable development of Chinese economy which is stepping into a new normal.

—Case Study of Honda Toshiaki

LI Fan，CHENG Hao

2016, 30(2): 22-28. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.003

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In the late 18th century，after Japanese scholars of Rangaku and political economists learned about the negotiation activities between Japan and Russia，they took this as a start and developed a wholly new set of political economy（Keiseiron）theory with modern national awareness，such as frontier region exploration，foreign trade and coast defense reorganization. Toshiaki was not only one of the outstanding persons but also the first political economist who promoted a whole set of economic theory in the late stage of Tokugawa. His theory covered politics，economy，military affairs，society，mathematics and many other subjects. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the Russo Japanese negotiations during Russia went southward in the late 18th century and foreign ideological transition of Japanese intellectuals as well as the formation and development of Toshiaki’s ideology，this article tries to further discuss the fundamental reason of Japanese intellectuals’ foreign ideological transition. Then we can have a profound understanding about the development of Japanese modern ideology in the late stage of Tokugawa.

Japanese Identity System in the Early Modern Japan

ZHENG Pi chu

2016, 30(2): 29-39. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.004

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In the early modern Japan，the fundamental purpose of the Japanese identity system，which was founded forcibly through politics，was to guarantee the benefits of samurai，lord and Tokugawa Bakufu. But the development of commodity economy resulted in the pauperization of samurai and the rise of wealthy farmers and merchants. This reversal of the economic strength led to the wavering of the Japanese identity system in the early modern Japan. And the priority of samurai could hardly be guaranteed due to the lack of the support of economy. Meanwhile，the lower level warriors gradually became consistent with the wealthy farmers and merchants in the economic interests and the ideology，so they made an alliance with the wealthy farmers and merchants under the historical background of the national crisis in the late Edo Period，which eventually became the important strength to overthrow Tokugawa Bakufu.

Enterprises and Its Enlightenment

LI Zhong，QI Ting ting，LI Tong

2016, 30(2): 40-47. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.005

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Japanese entrepreneurs think highly of the education，and Konosuke Matsushita is one of the representatives. In his mind，the enterprises are educational institutions firstly，then the places for production and management. He advocated to cultivate human beings’ “talents” on the basis of emphasizing “human”. He thought that the theoretical knowledge should be acquired while focusing on the experiential and introspective knowledge. Education，practice and reflection should be valued at the same time. According to this education ideology，Konosuke Matsushita analyzed and passed judgment on Japanese issues such as “abandoned education” and “credential society”. The analyses and judgments are helpful to China’s education reform which stays in a chasing period.

Value of Thousand Character Classic as Teaching Materials in Chinese teaching history in Japan

LIU Hai yan

2016, 30(2): 48-55. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.006

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Thousand Character Classic is an initiation of teaching materials for Chinese,which spread to Japan with Four Books and Five Classics through North Korea as early as the third century.In Japan,from the early royal Chinese learning to the Terakoya’s teaching in the Edo period,Thousand Character Classic has always been regarded as the simplified version of textbooks of Confucianism and Sinology education such as the Four Books and Five Classics.At the same time,it was a practical version of textbooks in teaching Chinese characters and Chinese.Firstly,the paper clarified the historical origin and unique characteristics of Chinese teaching and identified the status of Thousand Character Classic in the history of Chinese teaching in Japan.Secondly,the paper stated that Thousand Character Classic had a template role of textbook besides giving descriptions of exclusive rules of Chinese characters and Chinese teaching.Finally,the paper stated that Thousand Character Classic had played a significant role in the communication of Chinese in the history,and it inspired nowadays’ Chinese teaching.

ōba Yōzō’s Sense of Distrust from the Perspective of Interpersonal Relationships in Ningen Shikkaku

XIE Li ye, LIU Jie

2016, 30(2): 56-62. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.007

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Ningen Shikkaku is one of the representative masterpieces of Osamu Dazai, who is a world renowned Japanese writer.It narrates the life experience of the main character named ōba Yōzō’s in three different phases childhood,adolescence and adulthood.With an exquisite psychological description,the picture of how he gradually lost his qualification as a human being and finally ended up in self destruction was drawn.Based on some theoretical studies on mutual trust in psychology and an in depth analysis on the relations between three different groups of people(i.e.:the relations between ōba Yōzō and his father,his companion Masao Horiki and his wife Yoshiko respectively),this paper intends to disclose the fact that ōba Yōzō’s “fear towards other human beings” originates, in nature,from his distrust towards interpersonal relations.This paper also aims to raise the readers’awareness on the realistic meaning of how we should live as human beings.

Buddhism Objectives in Green Scarf

ZHANG Zhen

2016, 30(2): 63-72. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.008

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The tale of mystery story Green Scarf contains abundant cultural and religious significances.The theme of “green scarf” and “gain enlightens and be free” has a definite lineage with Buddha culture that was the integrative embodiment of Chinese and Japanese folk tales,civic culture and Buddhism in the era of Edo period.Through the further reflection to the view of the conflicts between Buddhism and lust,Zen and Tantra,based on answering the three questions of Professor Ootani Masao,the paper thinks the novel takes “Buddha and demon unities” as the core,and Buddhist narrative as fundamental objective in order to teach people to get rid of the desire,language persistent and law enforcement.

Study on Evolution Approaches to Language Policy in Japan

HAN Tao

2016, 30(2): 73-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2016.02.009

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Japan is one of few countries in the world that is homogeneous ethnically,racially and linguistically.However,more than one hundred years ago,the Japanese archipelago under the Bakuhan system was composed of 68 states with different (spoken) languages.The evolution of language policy in Japan over the past 100 years is worth investigating and contemplating.In this study,the evolution of Japanese language policy during this period was explored in terms of the emergence and establishment of its “National Language”,the promotion and popularization of National Language (standard language),the reform in National Language after World War Ⅱ and internationalization of the Japanese language.The study facilitates our understanding of the changes in Japanese society,language and culture and enlightens us with historical insights.

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