Japanese Research

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The Changes and Unchanges of the Liberal Democratic Partys Factional Politics from the Presidential Election

ZHANG Bo-yu

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 1-8. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.001

Abstract （459）

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Factional politics used to be synonymous with Japanese politics, and the Liberal Democratic Party was also known as “factional coalition”. During the longterm independent ruling of the Liberal Democratic Party (1955 to 1993), the presidential election was conducted by faction. Factions were tools for presidential candidates to canvass votes or win the majority. It is an “abnormal state” for a nonfactional leader to serve as president—emergency temporary measures by the Liberal Democratic Party. Under the parallel electoral system of proportional representation in small electoral districts, the factional politics of the Liberal Democratic Party shows different characteristics from those under the electoral district system—the function of factions and their binding force are significantly weakened. Especially in the presidential election, the faction has been reduced from “the protagonist” to “a supporting role”. It has become a “new normal” for a nonfactional leader to become president, and a faction leader to become president is an anomaly. Regardless of the future development trend of LDP factional politics, its invariable logic is it is still governed by the rules of the invisible political game.

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Analyzing the Motivation of JapanVietnam Defense Cooperation: The Case of Maritime Security Capability Enhancement Project

ZHENG Yu-long, ZHOU Yong-sheng, CUI Pu-ge

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 9-18. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.002

Abstract （515）

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Since the second Abe cabinet, Japan and Vietnam have conducted defense cooperation in many aspects, such as highlevel military visits, security cooperation in many fields, and Japan maritime selfdefense force visiting Cam Ranh Bay. JapanVietnam defense cooperation is in line with Vietnams “comprehensive diplomacy” diplomatic policy and Japans IndoPacific strategy. The motives of JapanVietnam defense cooperation are mainly geostrategic motives (the common interests of Japan and Vietnam, and the needs of the IndoPacific strategy ) and economic motives. However, due to the huge differences in ideology and the huge pressure of public opinion inside and outside Japan, the prospects for defense cooperation between the two countries are uncertain.

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Regional Disparity and Structural Decomposition of Carbon Emissions in Japan

ZHANG Ying1, HONG Ling-hua2

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 19-30. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.003

Abstract （502）

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Japan has announced that it will achieve carbon neutrality in 2050. Based on the data of Japan’s carbon emissions in CEADs database, this paper decomposes regional disparities in Japan’s total countylevel carbon emissions, per capita carbon emissions, and carbon emission intensity from 2007 to 2015 by Dagum Gini coefficient, and explores the contribution of different carbon emission sources to the regional gap of carbon emissions from the perspective of carbon sources by using Variance Analysis. It is found that the carbon emission indicators of Japan show obvious regional differences, and there is an expanding trend over time. This means that although Japan’s lowcarbon transformation is effective, the processes of lowcarbon development of regions are not harmonious. The regional gap of total carbon emissions mainly comes from the differences among the eight regions, and the unbalanced lowcarbon development level among county units in different regions is the main factor leading to the regional gap of per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity.

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The Internal Logical Relationship Between Environmental Problems and Environmental Movements in Japan

CHEN Xiang

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 31-40. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.004

Abstract （368）

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Japan’s environmental problems and environmental movements have caused a series of related social problems, which needs us to study from the perspective of long-term environmental history, in order to supplement the previous study of Japans problems from the perspective of politics, military and economy. The anti pollution campaign of Japanese people started from the tinge of class struggle before World War II, to the pollution struggle during the period of rapid economic growth after the war, and then developed into an environmental movement participated by local residents. After the mid1990s, a new movement mode was formed aiming at “environmental regeneration”, which led to the change of Japanese people’s environmental movement into more attention to the construction of social system. This change of environmental movement is mainly reflected in the different structure of the subject relationship of environmental movement in each period. This paper will start from this perspective to clarify the evolution characteristics of environmental movement in Japan and the logical relationship between environmental movements in each period.

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Research on the Portrayal of Epidemic Diseases in Modern Japanese Literature

SUN Yan-hua

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 41-48. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.005

Abstract （768）

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Modern Japanese literature is closely related to epidemic diseases. The relationship between tuberculosis and typhoid fever and literature is fully reflected in Hirotsu Ryuurous Decaying Chrysanthemum, Mori Ougais Persona and Natsume Souseki's Henceforth, Heart and Door. Among the works with the theme of Spanish flu pandemic, the symptoms and pains are recorded in the form of diaries, letters or essays in Akutagawa Ryuunosuke, Akita Ujyaku, Nagai Kafu, Kishida Kunio and other scholars works. These personal records are far more vivid and intuitive than official records, and can also arouse the resonance of future generations, which are quite enlightening for epidemic prevention. The novels play an irreplaceable role in deeply excavating peoples inner changes when challenging the pandemic of infectious diseases. Shiga Naoya's Influenza, Kikuchi Kans Mask and Miyamoto Yuriko's Nobuko are the extraordinary ones of such works. These works not only reached into the inner world of the characters, but also revealed the social issues, such as violence against others, lack of health concept, psychological comfort for foreign infected people, thereby reflecting the profundity of the works. Epidemic literature reproduced the aura, emotion and life of individuals swallowed by the tide of infection, which is the practical significance of epidemic literature. In terms of criticism of civilization and reality, Yosano's From the Sickbed with a Cold and The Fear of Death are thoughtprovoking. On the other hand, Japanese modern literature on the epidemic situation also exposed its limitations. It only paid attention to the living conditions and psychological states of individuals, and rarely dived deep into the community and society. Lacking a macro perspective and a grand framework, it was unable to grasp the situation of the whole society and the mental world of the Japanese population through the works when the infectious disease is prevalent.

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A Study of The Setting Sun from the Perspective of Body Narration

FAN Jing-xia

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 49-54. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.006

Abstract （633）

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The Setting Sun, the representative work of the famous modern Japanese writer Dazai Osamu, uses the body as the medium of expression and completes the narrative text on the body dimension. The body is a core element of The Setting Sun and an important driving force of plot development. From the perspectives of body narration and the sociology of body, this paper tries to interpret the body narrative characteristics of The Setting Sun by comparing the body narrative lines of the heroine and the other three main characters, and reveals the theme of selfidentity establishment and individual spiritual reconstruction through body struggle.

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Experience, Knowledge and Politics: The Understanding of Mount Fuji by Chinese Intellectuals in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Era

XIANG Qing, GUO Wen

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 55-68. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.007

Abstract （410）

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In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Chinese scholars understanding of Mount Fuji constructed multiple images and meanings of Mount Fuji as a representative of Japan, a symbol of nation and national spirit, a sacred mountain, a superb view, and a summer resort. It also endowed it with multiple faces, including “the mountain in a foreign country”, “a place in East Asia” as well as “the mountain of civilization”, thereby overall manifesting a shift from “objective narration and praise” to “the coexistence of praise and criticism”. This understanding was a formative process of knowledge and emotional connection between the subject and the object based on experience in a certain time and space. It was not only based on the experience and knowledge of the Chinese literati about Mount Fuji, but was also influenced by various factors such as views of modern civilization and changes in SinoJapanese relations. At the same time, it also exerted an impact on the selfknowledge of the Chinese people and the Japanese knowledge of Mount Fuji.

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Diet, Culture and National Identity: The Formation and Change of Japanese Cuisine from the Perspective of Social History

SHI Chao

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (1): 69-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.01.008

Abstract （1335）

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Food has the value of expressing collective consciousness and cultural identity. It can also be used as a judgment and explanation of “who I am”. From traditional Diligence Cuisine and Kaiseki Cuisine in the middle ages to the eclectic cuisine in modern times, military diet system in wartime, and modern “WesternJapaneseChinese” multiple cuisine, the Japanese diet system has been subject to the impact of conjunct moulding by driving forces such as national politics, knowledge and technology, imperialism and economic expansion. As a model of national cuisine, modern Japanese cuisine has inherited the core of food culture traditions in various historical periods since the middle ages. Japanese cuisine also become the basis and tool for identity by the discussion and guidance of industrial and cultural policies, and finally achieved the purpose of establishing collective consciousness and national identity internally and building the national brand and image externally.

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Analysis of Japans Energy Diplomacy in the Middle East During Abes Second Cabinet

PANG Zhong-peng

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.001

Abstract （242）

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Abes second cabinet period was a very “significant” period for Japan to deepen and expand its energy diplomacy in the Middle East. During his second term as prime minister, Abe frequently visited the Middle East, especially focusing on strengthening energy cooperation with important energy producing countries in the Middle East and the Gulf. During Abes second cabinet, Japans energy diplomacy in the Middle East mainly covered the fields of oil and gas, renewable energy and nuclear energy. During Abes second cabinet, Japan deepened and expanded its energy diplomacy to the Middle East under the joint promotion of various factors. Japans primary goal in deepening its energy diplomacy towards the Middle East is to absolutely maintain and ensure the security of Japans energy imports in the Middle East, provide absolute support and guarantee for Japans normal economic and social development, and take the opportunity to expand and highlight Japans unique diplomatic influence in the Middle East. Japan faces many challenges and problems in deepening and expanding its energy diplomacy in the Middle East. In the future, Japans energy consumption structure will still rely on fossil energy such as oil and gas to a considerable extent. Therefore, Japan will objectively and inevitably continue to deepen and expand its energy diplomacy to the Middle East in the future. Whether it can effectively deepen energy diplomacy towards the Middle East will be the “observation window” to test Japans energy security strategy and Japans overall diplomatic wisdom.

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Japans Artificial Intelligence: Strategy Development, Prospects, and Its Implications

DENG Mei-wei

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 11-21. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.002

Abstract （790）

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Artificial intelligence is in a new round of development “boom”. Many countries have elevated the development of artificial intelligence to the national strategic level, and “national competition” is more fierce. The development of artificial intelligence has a profound impact on national security and economic and social development. Investigating the dynamic path and development prospect of Japans artificial intelligence strategy can provide reference and inspiration for China. This paper summarizes the dynamic changes of strategy formulation and implementation, and prospects of Japans artificial intelligence development in economic, social and military fields, as well as the challenges it faces. In recent years, Japans artificial intelligence has developed rapidly. China should learn from its useful experience, continue to improve policy systems and refine goals, promote government-industry-university collaboration, and accelerate the construction of artificial intelligence ethical governance system.

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The Present Situation, Problems and Investment Strategies of Chinese Investment in Japanese Homestay Industry

LI Gen-zhong^1,2, WANG Cui-e²

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 22-29. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.003

Abstract （238）

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In recent years, investment in Japan’s homestay industry has been favored by Chinese investors. It is also a leading form of tourism transformation and upgrading, providing new opportunities for Japan’s economic revitalization and Chinese outbound investment. However, due to practical factors such as the introduction of the new Japanese homestay law and the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, there have been some problems in the investment project of Japanese homestay, such as the increase of investment cost, the interruption of funds and the “cultural barrier”. Therefore, investors can avoid the risk of uncertainty through the insurance function, build diversified investment mode with innovation, break the “cultural barriers” by increasing publicity, and take advantage of China’s market position as a “big consumer country” to seize the opportunity to invest in homestays in Japan, and continuously form a risk management mechanism for foreign investment.

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The Recognition and Evolution of the Concept of “Cha” in Japanese Culture

ZHANG Jian-li

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 30-36. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.004

Abstract （384）

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Chinese characters are not only the main carrier of cultural exchanges between China and Japan, but also an important tool for the construction of cultural identity between China and Japan. In Chinese, “cha chi” is used as a compound word, which was first seen in Chu Ci and originally meant “live and stand with regret”. After “cha chi”was introduced to Japan, it retained the original meaning of Chinese and the form of compound words in ancient books, but it was split and reduced to a word “cha” in documents such as Manyoshu and Kokin Wakashu, and gradually given a positive meaning. Since the 16th century, “cha” has been widely known as the most representative Japanese beauty consciousness, life values, especially as the spiritual concept of Japanese tea ceremony.

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A Study of Japanese Artisan Spirit as a Common Sense of Professional Ethics

PU Shu-zhen,CUI Ying-chun

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 37-45. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.005

Abstract （746）

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Artisan spirit is the concentrated embodiment of an excellent culture in professional ethics. The core of Japanese artisan spirit is honesty, dedication, perfection, cooperation, friendliness, focus, imitation, and innovation, which is mainly reflected in the practice when he meets things and the professional awe when he meets others. Artisan spirit has been integrated into the marrow of the Japanese and has become the basic common sense of Japanese national professional ethics. Cultivating and carrying forward the artisan spirit in China is in line with the needs of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, which has important and far-reaching time value and social significance. An analysis of the influence of Japanese artisan spirit on the cultivation of national professional ethics quality has a certain reference value for accelerating the cultivation and promotion of Chinas artisan spirit.

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The Western “Ego” and the Confucian “Morality”: On the Ideology of Individualism in Natsume Sosekis Novels

YANG Wen-wen^{1, 2}

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 46-52. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.006

Abstract （724）

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Souseki Natsume was born in the year before the Meiji period and grew up to be a senior intellectual as the Meiji society developed. At that time, Japan was opened by the West by force, and after the Meiji Restoration, Japan studied the West comprehensively and undertook civilizational liberalization. Deeply influenced by both Chinese learning and Western studies, Souseki experienced and understood the social upheaval profoundly.During his study in England, Souseki developed the individualistic ideas that influenced him throughout his life.This article is based on his essay “My Individualism” and a series of medium-length novels written by Natsume Souseki after he became a professional writer,from the perspective of the Western “ego” and the Confucian “morality”. It analyzes and explains the characteristics of Sousekis individualistic thought under the influence of both Eastern and Western cultures, and discusses Sousekis localized reconstruction of the individualistic discourse in his novels with the idea of “moral righteousness”.

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Chinese Scholars Who Studied in Japan in the 1930s and Their Research on Japan in the War

CHU Jing-tao

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 53-62. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.007

Abstract （242）

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To encourage those who were afraid of invaders, under the escalating threats, a few patriots living in Shanghai stood firm to spread the faith of winning the war against Japan by furnishing a comparison between China and Japan from economy to the military through Japan During the War. Having learnt the political economics in Japan, Song Fei-ru was devoted to analyzing Japans industry crisis during the war. In the war, Japans industry was highly dependent on the overseas market for importing materials and exporting products. Rather than falling back before the fierce enemy, Pan Angqian contemplated how to resist the Japanese imperialism through writing the book Japan Diplomacy in the War, in which he figured out that the more lands Japan occupied in China, the more troubles Japan faced in the world. Under the escalating threats, Chiang Bai-li, a Kuomintangs high general, gradually spread the idea of resisting Japan by the lasting strategy in his book Japanese: Research by a Foreigner, which analyzes the Japanese character. He points out the internal contradiction in their character, which indicates the end of their eventual demise. These books on Japan during the war played a key role in the Second Sino-Japanese War for they not only maintained the faith of winning the war against Japan, but also encouraged Chinese people to take weapons to fight against Japanese invasion for independence and freedom.

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Retrospect and Prospect: A Review of Research on Abenonakamaro

ZHANG Wei-wei

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 63-69. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.008

Abstract （462）

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The limitation of historical data has always been a bottleneck to break through in philological research. The controversy over the falsehood and authenticity of Ama no Hara reflects the divergence between Eastern and Western scholars on the time and place of its creation. It also gives rise to contention between Chinese and Japanese scholars on the issue of marriage and family in the Tang Dynasty. The unanimous attention of the academic circles to Abenonakamaros poetry reflects the idea and methodology of “using poetry to prove history”. Furthermore, at the level of research on character behavior and activity, a trend of extension and refinement can also be seen. Regarding the study of the cases and group portraits of Kentoushi, there is still room from a historical perspective of ancient “East Asia” involving Bohai and Vitnan relationship, and from other angles and aspects of micro research.

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Shrines and Nation in Medieval Japan

MA Teng

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (2): 70-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.02.009

Abstract （233）

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Due to the characteristics of Japan in the Middle Ages, none of the cloistered rule, the Kuge and the shogunate could act as a government with full function. Therefore, instead of discussing the internal structure of power, it is better to use national activities as a yardstick. When all parties break down barriers and jointly implement policies, medieval Japan could be treated as a nation. To establish the religious order, the Kuge and the shogunate began to adopt a cooperative response method to restrain, appease and even suppress temples and shrines. This kind of activities formed a strong concept of nation. By analyzing the national activities toward the temples and shrines, we can find two periods of upsurge in national activities, which were between the era of Hōgen to Jōkyū(1156—1221)and Kōchō to Kannō(1263—1352). The first period was represented by the new rules that restrained the behaviors of temples and shrines, and the second period was represented by the national prayer activity. During this period, the armed struggle of temples and shrines never ended, and the joint response of the Kuge and shogunate became an important national issue. The formation of Bushi, the litigation system, and the completeness of the official system were all derived from this. During the civil strife, the armed forces of temples and shrines also took the initiative to participate in the struggle for power. In short, the national activities of temples and shrines are an important criterion for examining whether medieval Japan had the concept of a nation. The two upsurge periods of national activities can be regarded as two forms of Japan as a medieval state.

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An Analysis of Abe Administration's Policy Towards the United States and Its Influence on Sino-Japanese Relations

CHEN You-jun,WANG Xing-ao

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 1-17. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.001

Abstract （324）

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During the Trump administration, through political, military and economic policy adjustments toward the US, Abe administration attempted to realize Abes personalized governing philosophy, hedge against the uncertainty of Trumps policies, and counterbalance the “security threats” from China and North Korea. Although both Japan and the US witnessed a change in leadership around 2021, the postAbe era will see a high degree of consensus between Japan and the US on the issue of counterbalancing China. Therefore, Kishida administration will basically continue the established course planned by the Abe administration, actively cooperating with the Biden administrations policy of counterbalancing China while further attempting to enhance Japans international political and economic status and strategic autonomy. As a result, the uncertainty of SinoJapanese relations will rise significantly in the future, and SinoJapanese relations may once again show a situation of “cold politics and cold economy”. In view of this, China needs to take active measures to properly handle its relations with Japan and the United States. coalition”. During the longterm independent ruling of the Liberal Democratic Party (1955 to 1993), the presidential election was conducted by faction. Factions were tools for presidential candidates to canvass votes or win the majority. It is an “abnormal state” for a nonfactional leader to serve as president—emergency temporary measures by the Liberal Democratic Party. Under the parallel electoral system of proportional representation in small electoral districts, the factional politics of the Liberal Democratic Party shows different characteristics from those under the electoral district system—the function of factions and their binding force are significantly weakened. Especially in the presidential election, the faction has been reduced from “the protagonist” to “a supporting role”. It has become a “new normal” for a nonfactional leader to become president, and a faction leader to become president is an anomaly. Regardless of the future development trend of LDP factional politics, its invariable logic is it is still governed by the rules of the invisible political game.

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Japan’s Health Diplomacy Towards Africa from the Japans Health Diplomacy Towards Africa from the Perspective of Non-Traditional Security

WANG Yi-chen

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 18-26. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.002

Abstract （190）

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Since Japan held the first Tokyo International Conference on African Development in 1993, especially since the TICAD6 was held in Africa for the first time in 2016, Japan has gradually increased its strategic emphasis on Africa from the perspective of “IndoPacific Strategy”. The sudden outbreak of COVID19 in 2020 interrupted Japans original agenda of cooperation with Africa but provided an important opportunity for Japan to carry out its antipandemic diplomacy with Africa. Since 2021, as a country with great influence in health care and foreign aid in the world, Japan has successively hosted the Global Vaccine Summit and the Tokyo Nutrition for Growth Summit, focusing on the nontraditional challenges which Africa is facing in the area of health, nutrition and COVID19 vaccines. Therefore Japan has continuously increased its ODA and carried out “health diplomacy” to Africa at both bilateral and multilateral levels to achieve its own strategic interests as well as paving the way for the TICAD8 to be held in 2022. From the perspective of nontraditional security, this paper starts with Japans antipandemic diplomacy with Africa by taking the Tokyo Nutrition for Growth Summit and COVID19 vaccines assistance as clues, and focuses on sorting out the main trends in Japans diplomacy of health and vaccines to Africa as well as analyzes its strategic considerations and the development in the future.

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The Experience of Japans Dual Cycle Development Pattern and Its Implications for China of Carbon Emissions in Japan

ZHANG Nai-li1,LI Ming-yang1,FENG Lu-yao2

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 27-38. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.003

Abstract （504）

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After World War II, Japan established a dual cycle development pattern. It formed an internal cycle development pattern by increasing national income, improving supply quality, and expanding domestic demand, and formed an external cycle development pattern by developing import and export trade, foreign direct investment, and government development assistance. The internal and external circulation patterns have developed in coordination and linkage with each other, which has achieved an economic miracle of rapid growth. However, after the collapse of the bubble economy in 1990s, structural problems became prominent, the internal circulation was in a predicament, the dual cycle development pattern became unbalanced, and the depression lasted for three decades. There are many similarities between China and Japan in terms of economic development model. The success or failure of Japans dual cycle development pattern has important implications for China to build a new dual cycle development pattern. China should be very vigilant against the development of economic bubbles, promote supplyside reform and demandside management, properly handle the relationship between market and government, persist in deepening reform and expand opening to the outside world.

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The Structure of Japanese Industrial Policy Research and Its Implications for China

SUN Xiao-dong

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 39-46. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.004

Abstract （245）

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Japans industrial policy research has a dual structure. The surface structure focuses on whether industrial policy should be implemented, while the deep structure focuses on how to implement industrial policy. Under the background of the general implementation of industrial policy in the worlds major economies, the deep structural characteristics of Japanese industrial policy research have greater reference value for China. The study found that the deep structure of Japanese industrial policy research mainly revolves around the mode and logic of industrial administrative intervention. In addition to studying specific forms of industrial administrative intervention, it also deals with the concrete means of information exchange between government and enterprises, and the cohesion mechanism of two kinds of policy knowledge as well, which are related to the inner logic of industrial administration. To review and develop those undervalued studies will encourage further discussion on industrial administrative intervention in Chinese academia and help relevant policy organizations to improve policy practices.

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Female Metaphor in Japanese Literature and Its Social and Cultural Connotation ——From the Perspective of Cognitive Sociolinguistics in Modern Japanese Literature

HAN Tao

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 47-54. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.005

Abstract （598）

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With the rise of the second wave of feminism, gender studies have become a hot research topic. However, gender study from the perspective of cognitive sociolinguistics is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is a meaningful attempt to analyze the female metaphor and its social and cultural connotation in Japanese literature from this perspective. This study shows that, the female metaphors in Japanese literature mainly focus on four types: possession metaphor, commodity metaphor, plant metaphor and food metaphor. These metaphorical models are not only based on physical experience, but also closely related to sociocultural system. This paper holds that the social turn of cognitive linguistics is a major development trend in the future. By investigating specific metaphors, we can not only understand the social and cultural connotations hidden behind, but also provide a new research approach for cognitive sociolinguistics.

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The Strategy of “National Branding” in Japan Construction Path and Effect

LIU Qing-mei

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 55-63. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.006

Abstract （512）

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With the deepening of globalization, the strategy of “national branding” has become an important way for a country to present a good image and carry out public diplomacy. Since the beginning of the 21st century, in the process of constructing the strategy of “national branding”, the Japanese government has not only referred to the common practice in the international journalism and political circles to put forward the concept, but also considered the identity positioning of Japanese brands. Specifically, it can be summarized as the public and private sectors to jointly formulate the overall strategic framework, highlight the cultural characteristics of the brand and broaden the propaganda aperture through a variety of channels. As the strategy of “national branding” is a controversial and highly politicized activity, a more comprehensive view is also applied to evaluate the construction effect of Japan's strategy in addition to the international standard of NBI model data.

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The Influence of Daoism on Physicist Hideki Yukawa

LU Gao-xue

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 64-71. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.007

Abstract （414）

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Hideki Yukawa's scientific outlook and scientific thinking are deeply influenced by Taoism. Yukawa believes that Laozi's Taoism has a self-consistent, rationalistic characteristic, and infers from this that the development of science is a process in which old theories are constantly being replaced by new ones. Guided by Zhuangzi’s “Chaos” theory, Yukawa regards the world of elementary particles as a kind of chaotic state where existence and non-existence become more and more blurred. Inspired by the debate between Zhuangzi and Huishi on “the joy of fish”, Yukawa advocated that when reason is incapable, the creative power of intuition should be fully exerted. Inspired by Zhuangzi's theory of creation, Yukawa understood the laws of physics as “invisible molds”. Enlightened by the Taoist romantic view of time and space, Yukawa formed a poetic view of space. Under the influence of Taoism, Yukawa's scientific thinking achieved the coordination and balance of intuition and abstraction.

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The Evolution of Shinto and the Change of National Belief in Postwar Japan

YIN Chen-xi

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (3): 72-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.03.008

Abstract （740）

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As the native religion of Japan, Shinto has had significant impact on politics and society. Even though there was a “fission period” after the war due to a series of religious policies, it still has strong vitality and high existential value. At present, in order to transfer domestic conflicts and reduce internal frictions, Japanese conservatives make use of religious forces to promote the relationship of competition and peace. Therefore, finding out the historical development track of Shinto to explore the deep cultural psychology of the Japanese nation and analyzing its development trend is one of the important means to understand Japanese national life.This will help us to gain a new perspective to examine the political trend of Japan and to have a clearer understanding of the development and future trend of contemporary Shintoism in Japan. At the same time, it will help us to further analyze Japan and better understand Sino-Japanese relations.

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An Analysis of the Reasons for the Failure of“Politically Led” Reform in the Hatoyama Cabinet ——From the Perspective of Principal-Agent Theory

CHEN You-jun,WANG Xing-ao

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.001

Abstract （349）

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During the Trump administration, through political, military and economic policy adjustments toward the US, Abe administration attempted to realize Abes personalized governing philosophy, hedge against the uncertainty of Trumps policies, and counterbalance the “security threats” from China and North Korea. Although both Japan and the US witnessed a change in leadership around 2021, the postAbe era will see a high degree of consensus between Japan and the US on the issue of counterbalancing China. Therefore, Kishida administration will basically continue the established course planned by the Abe administration, actively cooperating with the Biden administrations policy of counterbalancing China while further attempting to enhance Japans international political and economic status and strategic autonomy. As a result, the uncertainty of SinoJapanese relations will rise significantly in the future, and SinoJapanese relations may once again show a situation of “cold politics and cold economy”. In view of this, China needs to take active measures to properly handle its relations with Japan and the United States. coalition”. During the longterm independent ruling of the Liberal Democratic Party (1955 to 1993), the presidential election was conducted by faction. Factions were tools for presidential candidates to canvass votes or win the majority. It is an “abnormal state” for a nonfactional leader to serve as president—emergency temporary measures by the Liberal Democratic Party. Under the parallel electoral system of proportional representation in small electoral districts, the factional politics of the Liberal Democratic Party shows different characteristics from those under the electoral district system—the function of factions and their binding force are significantly weakened. Especially in the presidential election, the faction has been reduced from “the protagonist” to “a supporting role”. It has become a “new normal” for a nonfactional leader to become president, and a faction leader to become president is an anomaly. Regardless of the future development trend of LDP factional politics, its invariable logic is it is still governed by the rules of the invisible political game.

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Research on the Influence of RCEP on Sino-Japanese Trade in Goods

MA Wen-xiu, LI Rui-yuan

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 11-26. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.002

Abstract （405）

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China and Japan are important trading partners to each other. The structure of trade products of the two sides is highly concentrated, the market is highly interdependent, and trade competitiveness and complementarity coexist. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) will have a great impact on ChinaJapan trade in goods through the trade creation effect, trade diversion and trade reversal effect of ChinaJapan mutual tariff concessions, the lowering effect of the preferential threshold of the cumulative rules of origin, the costreducing effect of customs procedures and trade facilitation, and the indirect exportdriven effect of trade in services and investment agreements. The simulation evaluation results of the GTAP model show that the tariff reduction between China and Japan will promote the import and export scale of both countries and have a stronger effect on Japan, improve their GDP and social welfare but deteriorate Chinas term of trade and and trade balance. The bilateral import and export volume in all industries between China and Japan will increase, but the industry heterogeneity is obvious, of which the textile will have the largest increase in exports to Japan，and mechanical and electrical products have the largest increase in imports from Japan. Chinas goods trade deficit with Japan will increase. Therefore, China should formulate flexible policies to respond to industrial shocks, make full use of the Cumulative Rules of Origin, pay attention to the promotion of preferential arrangements for nontariff barriers, and do a good job in preventing trade risks.

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An Analysis on Japan's Singles Economy

WANG Lei1, ZHOU Jia-xuan2 , CHEN Yin-hu2

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 27-39. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.003

Abstract （987）

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Based on the data from previous national situation surveys in Japan from 1980 to 2020 and the household income and consumption survey from 2000 to 2020, by analyzing the population sociology and demographic economics characteristics of marriage, employment, income and consumption of the single group in Japan, this paper preliminarily investigated the status and potential of economic development of the single population in Japan. The study found that in 2020, the number of single people aged 15 and above in Japan exceeded 43 million, and the proportion of single people exceeded 40%. From 1980 to 2020, the number and proportion of single people continued to increase. The single population is mainly unmarried, and the ratio of divorce and widowhood of single women is significantly higher than that of single men. The proportion of unmarried, divorced and widowed living alone is increasing. The unmarried people living alone are masculine and aging, but the number of elderly single households is gradually increasing, and the trend of feminization and aging is prominent. From 2000 to 2020, the employment rate of single people declined, the monthly per capita income level of singlefamily workers was slightly lower, but the monthly per capita consumption level was higher, and the proportion of consumption for housing, entertainment and socializing was higher. According to the study, the rise of a singles society in Japan has promoted the development and prosperity of its singles economy, which in turn will solidify its singles social characteristics and further make it difficult for Japan to deal with the problem of low birthrate and aging population.

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Background and Solution of “2025 Problem” in Japan

TIAN Xiang-lan

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 40-46. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.004

Abstract （412）

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In 2025, the Japanese baby boom generation will reach the age of 75, and the demand for medical, nursing and welfare services of the elderly will increase sharply. How to integrate social resources to solve the“2025 Problem”is a major issue facing the Japanese government. In order to solve this problem, the Japanese government has proposed three major paths, namely, establishing a Japanese social security model in the 21st century (2025), building a social security system for all ages; building a regional comprehensive care system to solve the problem of elderly care; building a regional symbiotic society and realize sustainable development of local society. The construction of a regional comprehensive care system and a regional symbiotic society proposed by the Japanese government is an important part of the transformation from the “1970s model”to the “21st century (2025) Japanese model”.

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Research on the Introduction and Revision Process of Japan Points-Based System for Highly-Skilled Professionals

MA Wen-tian

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 47-57. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.005

Abstract （531）

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Actively attracting highlevel foreign talents is an important national strategy of Japan. In 2012, Japan officially introduced the pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals，which is of great significance to Japans economic industries and technological innovation. An investigation of the background, institutional framework and four revision processes of the pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals revealed that the system serves Japans national strategic goals and is constantly adjusted according to the actual situation. The revision ideas are mainly reflected in three aspects: reducing the conditions for giving points, increasing the project points, and strengthening the preferential treatment measures. From the increasing number of highlyskilled professionals in Japan in the past 10 years, it can be seen that the revisions have been very effective. The pointsbased system for highlyskilled professionals complements Japans overseas student policy, exitentry administration policy and immigration policy, providing an institutional guarantee for Japan to attract and retain talents. Since China had already put forward the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, we should pay close attention to and learn from Japans talent introduction measures.

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A Review of Studies on Manchurian Railway Since the founding of New China

WANG Yu-qin

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 58-67. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.006

Abstract （317）

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After the RussoJapanese War, colonial aggression against China had been carried out by Manchurian Railway of Japans “national policy society” for 40 years. After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the academic community has conducted extensive and indepth research on it and made great achievements, especially in the aspect of special research. The research on the Manchurian Railway is of great significance. After a detailed analysis of these studies, six practical suggestions are put forward for deepening the research on the Manchurian Railway.

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Researching Ancient Chinese Architecture from Ancient Chinese Characters ——Taking Goto Asataro’s Speech at the Architectural Society of Japan as an Example

ZHOU Tang-bo, CHEN Luo-xi

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (4): 68-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.04.007

Abstract （308）

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Inspired and advocated by Ito Chuta, a pioneer of modern Oriental architecture and Chinese architecture research, sinologist Goto Asataro delivered a series of lectures on “Viewing Chinese Ancient Architecture from Ancient Chinese Characters” at the Architectural Society of Japan in 1912. These speeches are not mentioned in the modern architectural history of China and Japan. This paper sorts out the origin of the research idea of “researching ancient architecture from ancient Chinese characters”, analyzes the background of Goto Asataro, who is famous for his achievements in sinology, studying ancient Chinese architecture from ancient Chinese characters, and summarizes the theoretical system and theory of ancient Chinese architecture research published by him. The research has retraced the history of modern Chinese architectural research and explored its origin, in order to provide reference for the research of architectural history and architectural archaeology.

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Fumio Kishidas New Capitalist Policy and Its Influence on Northeast Asia

ZHOU Yong-sheng

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 1-14. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.001

Abstract （377）

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Japan‘s new Prime Minister Fumio Kishida advocates a liberal capitalism with intervention, even strong intervention, for new capitalism. The focus is on giving full play to the functions of the government and the state and regulating secondary distribution. Between large companies and SMEs (small and midsized companies), SMEs have a greater proportion of profits. Between capital and employees, employees have a higher ratio of profits. The tilt of its policies is biased towards the middle class and the lower middle class. Policy practices mainly include building a strong country in science and technology, implementing the “digital ruralcity concept” to revitalize the countryside and connect the world, promoting economic security, and eliminating anxiety in elderly, strengthening the distribution function for workers, expanding the middle class and coping with the decline in the birth rate, increasing the income from work in areas such as nursing and childcare, reforming fiscal allocation, and other issues of nationbuilding. Prime Minister Fumio Kishidas new capitalism mainly belongs to the strategy and policy of economic development and peoples livelihood. Its core content is the issue of development and distribution. Kishidas new capitalist strategy and policies may bring some changes to Japan. But because there are so many constraints, it is difficult to achieve the goal.

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Status and Trends of Strategic Proximity Between Japan and the EU Under the Background of Regular COVID19 Epidemic Prevention and Control

CHEN Jingjing

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 15-21. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.002

Abstract （286）

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the COVID19 pandemic throughout the world has had a major impact on international relations. Under the background of regular COVID19 epidemic prevention and control, Japan and the EU have once again “huddled together for warmth”. The trend of strategic cooperation has once again become prominent, and the cooperation between the two sides is extensive and deepening. Driven by the JapanEU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA), and the Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure between Japan and the European Union, the strategic cooperation between the two sides has reached a new high. Japan and the EU have not only strengthened cooperation in the IndoPacific region, but also become more and more obvious in relying on each other to contain China. At the same time, they have also strengthened cooperation in dealing with COVID19 and in other aspects. In addition, the relations between Japan and the major member states of the European Union have also been steadily advancing. Japan and France have constantly confirmed and strengthened the “special partnership” between the two countries. JapanGermany relation has also developed steadily.

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Trends of Japans Regional Economic Cooperation and Its Impact on China Under the Background of RCEPs Entry into ForceChina Under the Background of RCEPs Entry into Force

TIAN Zheng, LIU Feiyun

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 22-36. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.003

Abstract （353）

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The official entry into force of RCEP in 2022 is of great significance for deepening economic cooperation in the AsiaPacific region. In the context of rebalancing the division of labor in the global value chain, Japans choice to participate in RCEP not only shows that deepening regional economic cooperation will help promote Japans economic growth, but also is of great significance to improving its widearea economic cooperation goals. Japan will continue to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with China, deepen economic and trade relations with ASEAN, strengthen cooperation with the United States and India outside the region, and actively participate in the formulation of new economic and trade rules to improve the stability of its industrial chain and supply chain and expand the coverage of economic and trade agreements scope, and compete for the right to formulate economic and trade rules. After the RCEP comes into effect, the economic and trade interdependence between China and Japan will be further deepened. However, Japans adjustment of the layout of the industrial chain and supply chain, and strengthening of international economic and trade and strategic competition will also have an impact on China.

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On Soko Yamagas Influence on the History of Japanese Thought:Criticality and Diversion

ZHANG Xiaoming

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 37-46. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.004

Abstract （196）

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Sogo Yamaga is a critical link in the history of Japanese thoughts, inheriting ZhuXis philosophy and establishing Kogaku. He is a nonmainstream philosopher though, due to the complexity of his thoughts. On the whole, Soko Yamagas thought consist of Shidouron, Seigaku, and Nihonchuuchoushugi. Although different parts present distinct academic focuses, they show a purpose of reconstructing Japanese subjectivity from the perspective of his ideological structure. To be specific, it can be found that while the Japanese subjectivity necessitates the nutrition of Chinese thoughts, the critical point of an independent Japanese subjectivity can only be obtained through dethatching the Chinese ideological influence, which is the gradual maturing of the Japanization of Confucianism. Meanwhile, the diversion of Soko Yamagas justifying Koutou with Jindai reverberates with Japanese Kokugaku, which is a methodological attempt at constructing Japanese subjectivity.

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Virtues NonNature and Good Tendency of Nature: An analysis of Ito Jinsais Kogigaku from the Perspective of VirtueVirtues NonNature and Good Tendency of Nature: An analysis of Ito Jinsais Kogigaku from the Perspective of Virtue

JIA Xi

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 47-61. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.005

Abstract （273）

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Ito Jinsai, a representative of East Asian retro trend of thought, tried to transcend Zhu Xi Doctrine and go straight back to the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius by means of selfconscious criticism, and established the theory of Kogigaku which reserves traditional culture and makes innovation. The theory of virtue, which is at the core of Kogigaku, is unique in criticizing Zhu Xi doctrine and integrating the thought of Confucius and Mencius. He objected to the Sung Confucianism preaching “virtue” as “from the heart”, and regarded it as the general name of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and linked it with the meaning of “Tao”, thus interpreting the transcendental and noumenal meaning of “natural virtue”. He also criticized Sung Confucianism for taking the four cardinal virtues as nature, dividing nature into temperamental and original nature, and regarding Mencius theory of the goodness of human nature as the view that all nature is good. On the contrary, he integrated Confucius concept of “similar nature” with Mencius theory of “the goodness of human nature”, and concluded that nature has two characteristics of “disharmony” and “tending to be good”. From Ito Jinsais theory of virtue, we can not only know his unique construction of Kogigaku, but also reflect on the neoConfucianism construction of Sung Confucianism.

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From “KOBUNJIN” to “RIKUKEI”: Theoretical Construction and Practice of Sorai Studies Perspective of Body Narration

SHI Yun

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 62-70. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.006

Abstract （345）

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In the 17th and 18th centuries, “Fuko” became the dominant trend of thought in Japan, of which Ogyu Sorais theory was the most cuttingedge and influential. An analysis of the process of Sorais theoretical construction reveals that he finally established the learning method of “reading the six classics directly without exegesis” by absorbing and explaining the methodology of Wang Shizhen and others. In addition to contributing a new research paradigm to Edo Confucianism, his theory also promoted the acceptance and recognition of Japanese Confucianism in the East Asian world.

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Japans Measures to Protect Children from Sexual Violence and the Implications

ZHENG Lin

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (5): 71-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.05.007

Abstract （7957）

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In 2020, the Japanese government issued the “policy of strengthening the fight against sexual violence and crimes”. Based on this plan, the Japanese MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) has decided to strengthen relevant measures from the following four aspects to prevent children from becoming perpetrators, victims or bystanders of sexual violence: implementing life and safety education; formulating the Law on the Prevention of Sexual Violence by Teaching Staff against Children and Students, and severely punishing teachers who commit indecent acts; improving schools consultation system; enhancing social enlightenment education. The specific measures taken by Japan to prevent and control sexual violence against children can provide some reference and inspiration for China to solve this kind of problem.

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A Study of the Factors Influencing the LongTermization of the LDP-CGP Coalition Cabinet in Japan

CAI Liang, LI Shen-cong

Japanese Research 2022, 36 (6): 1-19. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2022.06.001

Abstract （186）

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According to the specific political characteristics of each country in its development process in ten fields including the composition of the cabinet, the political party system, the electoral system, the conditions for constitutional amendments and the independence of the central bank, Western academia?has identified two camps of states with political systems: the “majority democracy model” and the “consensus democracy model”. The quantification shows that the calculation indicators for each political characteristic of Japan do not correspond to the the typical characteristics of majority democracy or consensus democracy, but lie at critical levels. In other words, Japan is neither a majority democracy nor a consensus democracy, and the impact of each political feature of a particular model on the type of cabinet cannot be directly transposed to analyse the current situation in Japan.However, even if there are deviations from the ideal, the impact of the characteristics of the classification criteria of the democratic model on a countrys political reality is universal, and the relevance of the characteristics is also universally applicable in both majority and consensus democracies. So how will these political characteristics and their correlations to each other influence the type of cabinet in Japan? This paper will first discuss theories related to the Western model of democracy and clarify the quantitative criteria for each political characteristic. On this basis, the correlation between political characteristics and cabinet types in Japan is specifically examined, as well as the ability of political characteristics as an independent variable to explain changes in cabinet types. Finally, the paper supplements other potential influencing factors of cabinet type in the economic and social spheres.

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