Japanese Research

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The Impact of COVID19 on the ChinaJapanKorea Value Chain

SHI Jin-fang1, SUI Xiao2

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.001

Abstract （432）

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The outbreak of COVID19 in early 2020 has caused significant losses to the world economy. The global value chain has been greatly impacted, circulation has been blocked, trade has shrunk, and the value chain was once on the verge of breaking. The ChinaJapanKorea value chain is no exception. Under the epidemic, China, Japan, and Korea have implemented a number of strategies in terms of policy and guidance, supply and demand, trade and circulation to realize the reorganization of the value chain. The measures taken by the three countries are conducive to improving the domestic value chain, promoting the technological innovation of the value chain, and deepening the regionalization of the ChinaJapanKorea value chain. But the risk of splitting the original value chain cannot be ruled out. In the postepidemic era, China, Japan, and Korea should join hands to deepen antiepidemic cooperation, jointly enhance the value chains ability to withstand pressure, rapidly promote the digital construction of the value chain, and finally realize the reorganization of the ChinaJapanKorea value chain and drive regional and even global economic growth.

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The Trade Effect of Japanese Official Development Assistance to the Four Countries of the Indochina Peninsula——An Empirical Analysis Based on Gravity Model

WEI Jing-fu, XU Xue-ying

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 11-20. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.002

Abstract （572）

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Based on the panel data of Japan's official development assistance (ODA) and bilateral trade with the four countries of the Indochina Peninsula (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam) from 1971 to 2014, this paper empirically analyzes Japan's linkage relationship between ODA development assistance and bilateral trade growth in the four countries of the Indochina Peninsula and discusses the trade effects of Japan's official development assistance to the Indochina Peninsula. The results show that Japan's ODA development assistance to the four countries of the Indochina Peninsula has a significant positive relationship with bilateral trade flows, and its foreign aid does have a positive trade facilitation effect.

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A Study on the Practical Model of “Industry-Government-University” Cooperative Innovation of Japan's Nursing Robots ——Taking the Nursing Robot PALRO as an Example

WULI Ji-tu, ZHOU Wei

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 21-31. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.003

Abstract （416）

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Our society is facing the problems of population aging and nursing staff shortage at present. In order to save the “Aging China”, many policies have been promulgated in recent years to promote the research, development, and application of service robots in the field of nursing. Based on the theory of Japan's “Industry-government-university” Collaborative Innovation, the research investigates the innovative practices of FUJISOFT Corporation's nursing robot PALRO by constructing the model of “industry-government-university” cooperative innovation. The results show: (1) In the aspect of knowledge creation, NEDO creates PALRO's intelligent modules by constructing an Open Innovation Platform. This platform integrates the related innovation resources in industries, governments, and universities. (2) In the aspect of knowledge sharing and transferring, NEDO first chooses the basic and universal intelligent modules as the joint research object. Secondly, the functions and standards of each intelligent module are determined and guaranteed. Finally, it aims at the application and promotion of standardized intelligent modules. (3) In the aspect of knowledgebased entrepreneurship, developing PALRO robot into three series of scientific research, commercial and domestic robot and developing new Palmi robot are the main forms of entrepreneurship adopted by FUJISOFT Corporation on the basis of mobile function module and communication function module technology. On this basis, this research proposes policies and suggestions for the development of China's nursing robot industry from the three dimensions of “knowledge creation”, “knowledge sharing and transferring”, and “knowledgebased entrepreneurship”.

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An Analysis of Japan-Middle East Relations During Abe's Second Cabinet

PANG Zhong-peng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 32-41. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.004

Abstract （345）

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Since Abe took power for the second time, he has attached great importance to relations with the Middle East and frequently visited the region. Frequent visits to the Middle East show that Japan attaches great importance to the Middle East region and the close and profound relationship between Japan and the Middle East. During Abe's second cabinet, the main contents of Japan's relations with the Middle East include attention to the settlement of Middle East peace issues, political and security issues, energy cooperation, regional and global coordination and cooperation. The motivations for Japan to deepen its relations with the Middle East include ensuring energy security, avoiding geopolitical risks, demonstrating the influence of japan as a major power, demonstrating soft power such as culture and education, pursuing balanced diplomacy, and mediation. In view of Japan's own situations, the regional and international situations and other complex factors, to continue to deepen its relations with the Middle East in the future, Japan still faces many difficulties and challenges.

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Construction of the Image of China by Japanese Think Tanks and Mainstream Media in the Context of International Change

ZHANG Mei

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 42-50. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.005

Abstract （410）

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China's image in Japan undergoes profound changes due to the changes of international order, the outbreak of COVID19 pandemic and the intensification of strategic competition between China and the United States. Japanese think tanks and mainstream media are more aware of China in the context of changes in the international order, and more in a multilateral framework rather than in a bilateral one. Under the comprehensive force of diverse factors, Japan has formed multiple layers of China's image, such as “rising power”, “rewriter of international order”, a tough and tenacious country under the epidemic situation, and “the imaginary enemy” of the United States with uncertainty. Although it is not necessarily objective, Japan's construction of the image of China is based on the construction of its own identity, which is a maintainer of the current international order and coordinator with “unequal distance” between China and the United States. We should fully mobilize the constructive factors in its cognition of China, eliminate the unfavorable factors, and prevent the image from being stereotyped.

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The “Education” of “Public Morality” in Modern Japan

SHI Shao-bo

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 51-57. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.006

Abstract （417）

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The “instruction” of modern Japanese “public morality” is the behavior guidance for modern Japanese people to abide by the “public morality” rules and norms, and is reflected in an expression that is easy to remember, easy to understand, and easy to operate. The “instruction” of modern Japanese “public morality” is the product of the promotion of “public morality” of modern Japanese government and is one of the means to implement the national moral education policy of rulers. The “teaching” of modern Japanese “public morality” mainly includes “negative public morality” and “positive public morality”, which admonishes the people to do something and not to do something. The “instruction” of Japan's modern “public morality” is closely linked with other moral “teachings” of morality, because the elements of morality interact and influence each other. The improvement of the overall quality of the people is also the result of the interaction of various moral elements. The “instruction” of Japan's modern “public morality” has played a great role in promoting the overall improvement of Japanese national quality and improving the level of “public morality” of the whole country.

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Sato Government's Policy toward Ryukyu: Vague Position and Gradual Approach

CHEN Jing-jing

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 58-70. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.007

Abstract （514）

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Eisaku Sato visited the U.S. three times during his administration, and pushed the U.S. to give up Ryukyu islands administrative power gradually. These summits exemplified Sato Ryukyu's policy approach to resolve the Ryukyu issue. In fact, the forces behind the scenes were from people in Ryukyu and mainland Japan (especially the opposition parties) advocating “return”, and Sato's Ryukyu policy was more a response to their attitude. Their attitude was changing gradually.Sato considered how to solve the Ryukyu issue from the perspective of Far East security, and formulated countermeasures based on these attitudes without harming the functions of the Ryukyu base. Sato's basic guideline for dealing with the Ryukyu issue is trial, vagueness, and gradual progress. The main reason for adopting such a strategy is his domestic political status and the unequal alliance between Japan and the United States. The Ryukyu issue is closely connected with the JapanUS alliance. At the time, it was a sensitive issue that could cause political turmoil and even division in Japan. If it is not handled properly, it may not only endanger Japan's domestic politics, but may also lead to the deterioration of the Japan-US alliance. Either situation is sufficient to end Sato's political life.

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Practice and Strategy of Editing and Publishing of Old Japanese Manuscripts of Buddhist Scriptures —— Taking Bibliotheca Codicologica Nipponica as an Example

XIN Rui-long

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (1): 71-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.01.008

Abstract （540）

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The old Japanese manuscripts of Buddhist scriptures mainly refer to those of the Nara, Ping an and Kamakura periods, that is, the Buddhist scriptures written or transcribed in Japan before the publication of the Dazang Sutra. At present, the modern editing and database construction of the old Japanese manuscripts of Buddhist scriptures is mainly carried out under the auspices of the Research Institute for the old Japanese manuscripts of Buddhist Scriptures of International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies. Since 2006, nine volumes of Bibliotheca Codicologica Nipponica, edited by International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies, have been officially published. The excellent editing and proofreading of Bibliotheca Codicologica Nipponica is an important academic material for the study of the text characteristics, circulation, and religious function of the Japanese ancient writing sutra. The successful practice of the series’ editing and publishing is due to its editing strategy, that is, the implementation of a systematic and comprehensive editing policy, the editorial tendency of emphasizing academic research, and the editorial consciousness of integrating digital resources. This paper combs the publishing situation of the Bibliotheca Codicologica Nipponica and discusses its editing strategies. This work can provide new ideas for the collation and publication of ancient books in the new era, and contribute to the excavation, return, dissemination, and research of old Japanese manuscripts of Buddhist scriptures which is a valuable overseas Chinese literature.

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Development and Social Impacts of Faction Politics in Japan

HUANG Guan

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 1-8. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.001

Abstract （650）

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As one of the widely-known characteristics of Japanese politics, the developmental process of faction has seldom been carefully reviewed. A comprehensive and indepth exploration of the mechanism of its emergence and change is a topic rarely touched by domestic academic circles. In order to expose the reason of appearance and development of faction politics in Japan and find the general rule dictating the development, this paper discusses the decisive impacts of political power structure, distribution of voters, party system, especially the election system design, in the birthing and development of faction politics, by reviewing the modification of factions and connecting the development of factions with Japanese politics in different periods. Finally, the social impacts of faction politics has also been summarized.

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The Creation and Operation of the Senate under the Politics of “Public Opinion” in Modern Japan

ZHANG Yong-qing

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 9-16. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.002

Abstract （576）

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In the process of Japan's modernization and transformation,“public opinion”became the banner of political power construction by various political subjects in society. The new Meiji regime repeatedly advocated the establishment of “public opinion” politics, and tried to establish public councils such as assembly house and congress. Among them, the Senate had the longest existence and played the most obvious role. The Senate is the product of the government's efforts to calm public opinion and pursue political balance. Its birth originated from the temporary bridging of differences between the ruling groups in political modernization since the Meiji Restoration. Therefore, it is regulated by the government in terms of authority. Members of the Senate play an active role within the framework of the political system, trying to make the Senate meeting become a key link in the Japanese legislative process. The Senate had a long-term game with the government in the process of exercising legislative power and constitutional power, and the interactive mode of the two has profoundly affected the form of Japanese constitutional construction. The government's suppression of parliaments under the leadership of executive power can be regarded as a preview of the constitutional transformation of modern Eastern countries.

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Research on the Core Factors and Countermeasures of SinoJapanese Intra Industry Trade Imbalance in Tourism Services: Based on the Perspective of Grey Correlation Analysis

JIN Ren-shu,LU Ya-fu

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 17-30. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.003

Abstract （700）

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In recent years, China's trade deficit in tourism services to Japan has continued to expand, and the sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic makes the bilateral trade in tourism services even worse. In the post epidemic era, promoting Sino-Japanese tourism service trade and strengthening Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation is particularly important. Based on the current situation and characteristics of tourism trade between China and Japan after the 21st century, combined with trade theory and grey correlation analysis method, this paper focuses on the motivation and influencing factors of the formation of Sino-Japanese tourism service intra industry trade. It is believed that the Sino-Japanese tourism service trade under the guidance of overlapping demand has experienced the development stage of “from inter industry to intra industry to inter industry”, showing that China's deficit continues to expand. The differences of international tourism market scale, market opening, and residents' income level between China and Japan are the three core factors leading to the imbalance of intra industry trade level of tourism services between the two countries. Obviously, in the post epidemic era, China urgently needs to improve the quality of tourism services, reduce the barriers to trade in services, establish new advantages of domestic tourism, and enhance the level of intra industry trade in tourism services between China and Japan.

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Research on the Deep Transformation of East Asian Regional Economic Cooperation and the Deepening of China

MA Xueli，LI Su

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 31-40. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.004

Abstract （664）

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Before the outbreak of COVID19, East Asian regional economic cooperation has begun the transformation from “East Asia” cooperation to “PanEast Asia” cooperation, from “shallow integration” to “deep integration”, and from “ASEAN dominance” to the weakening of ASEANs position. COVID19 has not only changed the external environment for the development of East Asia, but also changed the mode of interaction among countries in the region, thus accelerating the transformation process of East Asian regional economic cooperation. In order to achieve economic recovery in East Asia as soon as possible, stabilize and upgrade East Asian production networks, and respond to global market risks, China and Japan should deepen economic and trade cooperation. However, Japans continuously strengthening “dualface” policy toward China has become a major constraint to the deepening of cooperation between the two countries. Under the premise of considering both the necessity and the constraints of cooperation, China and Japan should further expand the intersection of interests and fully tap the potential of cooperation in the areas of ChinaJapanKorea FTA negotiations, digital economic cooperation, and thirdparty market cooperation.

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A Review of Studies on Japanese Culture in China since 1980s Mainstream Media in the Context of International Change

ZHANG Jian-li

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 41-50. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.005

Abstract （517）

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Since the 1980s, the study of Japanese culture in China has been characterized by the coexistence of the description of cultural phenomena and the interpretation of meaning, the macro system studies revealing common laws, and the fragmentation studies pursuing the description of individual details. The increasing social demand for the transformation of basic research achievements on Japanese culture into think tank achievements places greater demands on researchers to accurately analyze Japanese culture based on the reality of China and Japan, with a global perspective. The exploration of interdisciplinary research methods of Japanese culture will more effectively promote the deepening and expansion of research on Japanese culture in China.

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History and Practice of Sino

REN Ming-shuo, LI Wei

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 51-59. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.006

Abstract （447）

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Upon the basis of records，which are well preserved in National Library of China, with handwriting description of SinoJapanese publications exchange history, this paper sorts out the time sequence, publication types, and representative book collection institutions. According to the information on records, it concludes that the exchange publications in around 50 years mainly include four kinds of literature resources, such as national condition materials, Sinology writings, science and technology documents, and Maoism works. Taking the normalization of diplomatic relations as a turning point, this paper analyzes the main characteristics of publication exchange history in two stages, and discusses the significance of publication exchange in specific historical periods.

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Relationship between Japan and France at the End of Tokugawa Period

ZHANG Lan-xing

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 60-71. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.007

Abstract （1167）

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In Tokugawa Shogunate period, Japan just kept commercial relationship with the Netherlands, and they seldom had contact with other western countries. So, when French ships appeared on the sea around Japan, the rulers of Tokugawa shogunate were surprised. To Japan, France has always wanted to show its status as a European power and display its image as a military power, but in reality France always followed the steps of Britain and the United States, and signed the treaty with Japan relatively late. In developing relationship with Japan, the French once chose to support the feudal Tokugawa Shogunate in order to win more rights and exclude British and American forces. However, due to the constraints of various factors among Japan, Britain, and France, not only did the relationship between France and Tokugawa Shogunate fail to achieve a winwin situation, it was on the contrary gradually declining.

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JapaneseEarlySocialistMovementandBuddhism: Centeredonthe“DaiGyakuJiKen”

KUANG Ling

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (2): 72-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.02.008

Abstract （803）

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The “DaiGyakuJiKen” was a typical case in which the Japanese government used the power of the state to oppress the anti-establishment forces. It also reflected the upsurge of the socialist movement in Japan at that time and the extensive influence of socialist ideology on various social strata in Japan. From the perspective of the formation mechanism of Buddhist socialists in this event, the similarity between socialist ideals and Buddhist teachings in some aspects is an important reason for Buddhists to get close to socialism, but their recognition and participation in socialist revolutionary movement are restricted by many factors, such as economic and social status and sectarian thinking. On the other hand, after this event, the Japanese Buddhist order moved closer to the regime, and the Meiji government strengthened the use of the Buddhist order.

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What Affects the Long-Term Governance of Suga Yoshihide

ZHOU Yong-sheng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 1-13. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.001

Abstract （400）

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Can Suga Yoshihide be a long-term Prime Minister? It must be analyzed from various factors which have impacts on the Suga Yoshihide Cabinet in power. The issue of science council is an example in which the Suga government grossly interfered with academic freedom. It cast a shadow on Japanese intelligentsia and intellectuals and also has an extended negative effect on the Suga Cabinet. In terms of COVID-19, due to the variability and complexity of the epidemic itself, it is difficult to make an accurate judgement whether Suga can stay in power for a long time. However, the predicted result is most likely negative. At the economic level, the economy of Japan will be driven by other developed countries, because with the widespread vaccination in the US and Europe, it is possible for the developed countries to achieve herd immunity first. This could help Suga government in one way or another to make some economic achievements and gain more public support.As for domestic politics of Japan, the status of Suga as a Prime Minister is relatively stabilized because his approval rating is relatively high and he gets support from the mainstream of Japans Liberal Democratic Party. Besides, Sugas achievements on foreign affairs have positive influence on his government. So the government of Suga is relatively stabilized and it is possible that he will be in power for around two years rather than the temperate term of less than one year.

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Construction of the Standard Job Execution and Governance Capacity of Japanese National Civil Service

BAI Zhi-li,ZOU Yun-jin

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 14-24. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.002

Abstract （582）

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In response to changes in the times and the economic and social environment, Japan has established the basic norms for civil servants which “put the nation first”, and the basic professional competencies for civil servants that are politically neutral, fair and impartial in administration. Based on the values of democracy and efficiency, the core and fundamental elements of the national civil service capacity construction in Japan are the development of the so-called “standard job performance capabilities”and the improvement of personnel administration to meet the changes in administrative needs. Civil service capacity construction is regarded as fundamental in civil service, and has been applied to many civil service management policies. Based on the analysis of the development and current practice of civil service capacity construction in Japan, this paper summarizes the general characteristics and system framework of the national civil service governance capacity in Japan, and further analyzes its future development trend to provide reference for the reform and development in China.

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The Influence of the Japan-Europe EPA on Chinas Acquisition of the Dominant Right in the Reconstruction of International Economic and Trade Rules

SUN Li,GUAN Ying-hui

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 25-35. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.003

Abstract （421）

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The establishment of EPA is the integration of individual strategic demands and common strategy of Europe and Japan in this current complex international situation. Its influence goes far beyond the scope of the bilateral relations at present. It not only can bring huge economic and political interests to both sides,but also can influence stakeholders,WTO reforms as well as the reconstruction of international economic and trade rules.Among these impacts, the setting of high-standard template in economic and trade rules by EPA will bring huge pressure on China in gaining more dominance during the reconstruction of international economic and trade rules.Therefore, we must pay great attention to it and take effective measures to deal with it.

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Negotiation Process, Main Contents, and Characteristics of EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement

YU Zi-han

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 36-47. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.004

Abstract （620）

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The EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement(EPA)has officially taken effect in 2019, exerting great influence on the global economic environment and international trade practices. Using interview and news reports, this pater has sorted out the negotiation process between the two parties and divided it into five stages, namely folk proposal, official consultation, the beginning, stagnation, and completion of negotiations. It outlines the areas of goods trade, service trade, and trade rules in the agreement text, and compares it with other agreements signed by Japan, and concludes that the EU-Japan EPA is characterized by distinctive EU characteristics, high standards, large Japanese concessions, and a high degree of liberalization, and the negotiation process is greatly influenced by the United States.EPA is a crucial part of trade policies in the period of Abe administration. Using EPA as a case to analyze the changes and demands of Japan in the field of trade policies has important implications for China-Japan trade cooperation and exchanges and the signing of the China-Japan-ROK FTA.

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Institutional Spiral and Institutional Expansion: The Trend of the Reform from the End of the Shogunate to the Early Stage of Meiji Restoration

ZHENG Peng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 48-57. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.005

Abstract （572）

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During the 14 years from 1854 to 1867, the Tokugawa Shogunate launched three reforms in succession. In response to the many difficulties faced by Japan's founding, it launched a comprehensive reform. However, the more reform it accomplished, the more passive it became. Finally, it fell into the institutional spiral and ended up with the failure of reform and the change of regime. However, the early Meiji reform led by the Meiji new government in 1868—1881, which also addressed the old problem of saving the nation from subjugation, led the reform and self-improvement of old Japan, realized the modern national transformation, and embarked on the road of emerging capitalist countries. The reason for this reflects that the reforms of the early Meiji Restoration, compared with the end of the shogunate reforms, have an upward trend in institutional arrangements and expansion, reform ideas and models, and the simultaneous evolution of the country and society.

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The Policy Ideas of “Restraining Commerce” of Ogyu Sorai in Middle Edo Period ——A Study from the Perspective of Samurai Consumption

LIN Tong-wei

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 58-64. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.006

Abstract （536）

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Ogyu Sorai was a typical scholar who put forward the idea of “restraining commerce” in the Edo period in Japan.One of his purposes in proposing policies such as“Samurai Returning to Agriculture” and “Hierarchical Consumption” was to free the samurai class from the quagmire of the urban economy.However, from the perspective of samurai consumption, he still tolerated the production and exchange of commodities to a certain extent in the actual narrative of the “restraining commerce” policy.He put forward “special restraining commerce” theory, which not only began to adjust the traditional economic thoughts, but also provided a theoretical space for the sprout of the mercantile thinking.

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A Study On the New Female Image In the Series of Games Legend of Heroes-Trails of Cold Steel

ZHOU Yun

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 65-74. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.007

Abstract （562）

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Legend of Heroes-Trails of Cold Steel is a representative work of Japanese style role-playing games. As the name suggests, the game takes the fictional European continent in the middle ages as the stage and depicts the growth path of the hero. The new female, which is quite different from the traditional feminine image, constitutes a part of the female group in the game. In order to reveal the deep creative thoughts of the heroine image contained in the works, this paper takes the series of games of Legend of Heroe-Trails of Cold Steel as the cultural text, and analyzes the typical female images in the series by using the method of Japanese ideological history, taking the female swordsman, saint, maid and female teacher as the objects of analysis. Through this analysis and interpretation, we can not only reveal the deep thoughts of Japanese games from the ideological level, clarify the unique cultural orientation of Japanese style role-playing games, but also provide a new perspective for the creation and research of Chinese games.

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Research on Social Service of Artificial Intelligence Art in Japan

XU Ting

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (3): 75-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.03.008

Abstract （283）

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This paper focuses on the concept of artificial intelligence art, which has different meanings to different scholars in the world. It summarizes the development of artificial intelligence art in Japan. Artificial intelligence art is a combination of artificial intelligence and art, which includes virtual reality art, robots, and big data.The development of Japanese intelligent art is leading in the world. We explain some major cases of Japanese artificial intelligence art and explore the service of Japanese artificial intelligence art in different fields of society. Successful cases of the development of artificial intelligence art and social service application in Japan are worthy of our study and reflection, and have implications for the current development of artificial intelligence art in China.The social service exploration of Japanese artificial intelligence art will have a positive impact on the development of artificial intelligence art in China and in the world.

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World Changes Accelerated by the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Impacts upon Sino-Japanese Relations

JIANG Rui-ping

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 1-10. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.001

Abstract （502）

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Under two interrelated themes of “world changes and Sino-Japanese relations” and “world changes and the COVID-19 pandemic”, this paper analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated worldchanges and impacted Sino-Japanese relations. When the world changes met the catastrophic pandemic of this century, their leading trends have been further accelerated, and profoundly impacted the new type of Sino-Japanese relations, which have just been promoted and formed “in accordance with needs of the New Era” since June 2019. These impacts are concentrated in four aspects: new opportunities provided by the rapid rise of emerging markets, new challenges posed by the sharply adjusting balance of major powers, new space of growth created by global economy moving eastward, and new demands sparked by the accelerating transformation of the global governance system.

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The Evolution of the Relationship Between Financial Regulation and Competition in Japanese Financial Sector

PEI Gui-fen

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 11-21. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.002

Abstract （531）

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Economic regulation and antitrust policy are the main content of regulatory economics. In the economic policy, it is reflected in the relationship between industrial policy and competition policy, while in the financial sactor,it is the relationship between financial regulation and competition regulation. In the early postwar period, Japan formed a strict framework of antirust and regulation under the General Headquarters(GHQ). With the change in the U.S. policy towards Japan, there has been a situation for a long time in the financial sector where the competition authorities faded out and the regulatory authorities dominated. Since the 1970s, Japanese regulatory authorities have gradually relaxed the regulation of competition restrictions and promoted the competition in the financial sector.Especially under strong pressure from US in the period of Japan-US trade friction, a cooperative pattern of regulatory authorities and competition authority has to be formed with the same goal of financial stability. In spite of EU and US strengthening regulation and antitrust policy after the global financial crisis, Japanese government took no special measures in this period but established a new harmonious system between regulation and antitrust policy with the common goal of stimulating the vitality of financial institutions recently.

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The Impact of the Tariff Reduction Schedule in Japan-EU EPA on China-Japan and China-EU in Goods ——Based on the Analysis of GTAP Model

MA Wen-xiu,WANG Xi-mo

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 22-36. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.003

Abstract （421）

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Japan and the European Union are important trading partners of China. Japan-Europe EPA will have a great impact on Sino-Japanese and Sino-European trade in goods. The evaluation results of GTAP model show that tariff reductions between Japan and Europe will worsen Chinas terms of trade. Chinas import from and export to Japan will decrease significantly; Chinas exports to the EU will increase while Chinas imports from the EU will decline. The heterogeneity of the impacts on different industries is obvious. Chinas live animals and animal products, leather products, and textiles exports to Japan will significantly decline while exports to the EU will increase. Chinas exports of mechanical and electrical products,automobiles, and transportation equipment to Japan will increase while exports to the EU will decrease. Chinas imports of mechanical and electrical products,automobiles and transportation equipment, chemical rubber products, and metals and metal products from Japan and the EU will decline significantly,especially imports of mechanical and electrical products. In response to this, China urgently needs to promote the diversification of export market and import sources, strengthen the construction of early warning mechanisms for key import industries, enhance the international competitiveness of export products, and accelerate the establishment of free trade zones.

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Japans Top-Level Designs for Avoiding the Shift from Oil Crisis to Social Crisis ——An Analysis Based on Psychological Transmission Path

YIN Xiao-liang

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 37-44. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.004

Abstract （323）

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There are two paths to the transmission of the oil crisis: entity path and psychological path. In terms of the entity path, it mainly presents the transmission way of “oil crisis-economic crisis-social crisis”; while from the psychological path, it is “oil crisis-psychological crisis-behavioral disorder-social disorder”. At the administrative level, Japan has designed and implemented the “New Energy Development Policy”, “Diversified Energy Import Policy”, “Energy Diversification Policy”, “Energy saving policy” and “oil storage policy” for the purpose of building a stable social “mental set” from different perspectives, such as weakening, avoiding, dispersing, diluting, and transferring. At the legal level, the “Oil 2 bills”(the “Oil Supply and Demand Rationalization Act”, the “Act on Emergency Measures for the Stabilization of National Life”, the “Oil Substitution Legislation”, the “Oil storage Legislation”, and the “Energy Conservation Act” and so on)have been designed from the perspectives of “long-term”, “mandatory”, “strategic” and “universal”. In addition, in order to implement the top-level policy system smoothly and effectively, Japan has accordingly designed incentive policies in funds, taxes, rewards and penalties. From empirical facts, the policy system and its interactive coupling at the administrative level, the legal level and the incentive level have laid a foundation for gradually forming a calm and orderly “psychological set” from different angles such as “stability”, “relief”, “ease” and “convenience”.

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Research on the Impact of Japans ODA on the Economic Growth of Five Southeast Asian Countries

WU Yu,LU Yang

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 45-55. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.005

Abstract （463）

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After World War II, Japan joined the “Colombo Plan” and started its assistance to Southeast Asian countries in the form of quasi compensation. Throughout the post-war development of Southeast Asian countries, until the financial crisis in 1997, the economy basically maintained a rapid growth rate. This paper studies the influence mechanism of ODA on the economic growth of recipient countries from five aspects: material capital, human capital, trade opening, technological innovation, and organizational efficiency, and analyzes the actual effect of ODA on the economic growth of five Southeast Asian countries by using panel data fixed effect model. The research shows that Japans ODA is conducive to the economic growth of the recipient countries in the long run. The accumulation of material capital, the accumulation of human capital and the promotion of scientific and technological innovation ability all significantly promote economic growth. On the contrary, abundant resource endowments have become an obstacle to the economic growth of recipient countries. In addition, trade liberalization has a positive impact on the economic growth of recipient countries, which is in line with expectations, but fails to pass the significance test.

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The Characteristics of Tea Ceremony and Its Role in Japanese Culture

CUI Shi-guang

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 56-65. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.006

Abstract （822）

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Domestic research on Japanese tea ceremony culture seems to lack two perspectives, namely, the perspective of Japanese history and the perspective of the overall structure of Japanese culture. Tea ceremony was formed from the middle and late Muromachi period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period in Japan. It is a product of troubled times and has an obvious tendency of seclusion. Tea ceremony has the characteristics of non-routine, sociability, etiquette, and spirituality. It occupies a non-mainstream position in the overall structure of Japanese culture. It is hard to call tea ceremony a representative of Japanese culture. It is also hard to say that “idle silence” and “dead silence” are the mainstream aesthetic consciousness of the Japanese. Nevertheless, tea ceremony still plays a special social role in Japanese social culture. The investigation of tea ceremony culture in this paper may have some enlightenment for the future study of Japanese culture.

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On the Formation and Development of Japanese Samurai Society

ZHANG Ru-yi

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 66-71. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.007

Abstract （997）

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From the beginning of Kamakura shogunate in 1192 to the end of Edo shogunate in 1867, Japan has been dominated by samurai, which established a unique social form of ancient Japanese society, the so-called Samurai Society. Samurai society not only provided soil for the reproduction and growth of Bushido, but also bred Japans unique spiritual culture. Until now, it has played an important role in Japanese society as well as Japanese behavior and thinking habits. Following the historical context, this paper linearly sorts and summarizes the emergence and development of Japanese Samurai society, and describes the basic characteristics and development law of Japanese Samurai society.

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New Trends in Social Service in Japanese Colleges and Universities: Service-Learning Practice and Implications

XUE Guo-feng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (4): 72-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.04.008

Abstract （445）

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In the 1990s, Japanese colleges and universities began to introduce the concept of service-learning from the United States, which brought new trends to the social service function of Japanese colleges and universities.On the basis of adhering to the understanding that service-learning is an activity connecting “community service” and “student learning”, Japanese colleges and universities carry out service-learning activities in various forms and design diversified projects for promotion, and at the same time establish clear and systematic service-learning organizational procedures.There are some obvious characteristics of service learning practice, such as the strong support and boost of the national education policy, attention to the change of the community, focus on mutually-pushed development of students ability and university education quality, parallel development of domestic and international service-learning activities, etc.It can provide useful implications for China in the innovation of social service in colleges and universities and effective advancement of service-learning.

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Causes, Countermeasures, and Implications of Overwork and Karoshi Phenomenon in Japan

HU Peng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 1-9. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.001

Abstract （1198）

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The long-term fatigue caused by high labor intensity, long working hours, and excessive psychological pressure leads to the persistent overwork phenomenon which poses a serious threat to peoples lives. As a country with a high incidence rate of karoshi in western countries, the phenomenon of overwork and karoshi has lasted for a long time in Japan. Especially in the 1970s and 1980s, the frequent occurrence of karoshi in Japan attracted much attention of the wide public. The system of lifetime employment, the seniority system, the gender division of labor, the survival difficulties of informally employed workers, and the deep-rooted overtime culture of Japanese companies are the main reasons for the phenomenon of overwork. In order to solve this serious social problem, the Japanese government and the private sector have adopted a variety of countermeasures:enriching and improving relevant laws to prevent karoshi, formulating and refining the identification standard of regarding karoshi as a kind of work-related injury that should be compensated, popularizing correct concept of labor, promoting the reform of working methods and so on. A series of such countermeasureshave alleviated Japans overwork problem to a certain extent. Japans countermeasures against overwork and karoshi have some implications for China.

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On the Silk Road Cultural Identity of Japanese Society and the Aging of Sino-Japanese Communication

LI Shu-qin

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 10-19. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.002

Abstract （372）

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In the 1980s,the Silk Road cultural identity widely formed in Japanese society was closely related to the exchanges between China and Japan. It is a cultural phenomenon caused by the interaction of different mechanisms.The connotation of this cultural identity lies in the Chinese origin of Buddhist culture and Japanese culture.The prerequisite of its formation mechanism is the signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship.It is conditional on the innovation of cultural consumption patterns and the growth of cultural consumption demand in the mature period of Japans modernization. It uses new media channels such as television and movies as its means of dissemination. It is based on the ancient cultural exchanges between China and Japan that introduced and integrated Chinese Buddhism into Japan, which became a Japanese cultural tradition. It takes the form of reinterpreting traditions and cultural memories.From the perspective of the timeliness of Sino-Japanese communication,Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations at that time produced immediate effects,which opened the way for the emergence of this cultural phenomenon,while the results of the ancient Sino-Japanese cultural communication have paved the way.

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Viewing the New Trends of Japans Economic Diplomacy in Southeast Asia from the New Trends in Japan-Vietnam Relations

BAI Ru-chun

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 20-26. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.003

Abstract （535）

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With economic diplomacy as the main means, Japan values and actively promotes all-round diplomacy in Southeast Asia. Yoshihide Suga selected Vietnam and Indonesia for his diplomatic debut in less than a month after he formed his cabinet, making it clearer the trend of Japans emphasis on ASEAN diplomacy and exerting influence on ASEAN through Vietnam, Indonesia and other key countries since Abes second cabinet. Vietnam holds the 2020 ASEAN presidency and is also a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council that year. Vietnam hopes to establish a regional and even international image through its coordination role within ASEAN and between ASEAN and relevant countries in the region. Vietnam, which is implementing a policy of “renovation and opening up”, has high hopes for Japans capital, technology, and market, and has also made it clear that Vietnam welcomes Japans role in the field of security. Japan is looking for opportunities to get involved in the economic, political, and security fields to help Vietnams economic and social development while containing Chinas growing influence in the region.The successful signing of RCEP at the end of 2020 will bring new opportunities for East Asian cooperation, and East Asian economic cooperation will be further deepened.With ASEAN as the core, it is an inevitable trend to promote multilateral regional economic cooperation among China, Japan, ASEAN, and the Mekong Sub-region countries, and to push forward Japan-Vietnam, China-Vietnam, and China-Japan bilateral regional economic cooperation.

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The Relationship Between the Japanese Emperor and Japanese State Form from the Perspective of the Constitution

LI Chao

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 27-37. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.004

Abstract （759）

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Although the meaning of the concept “Japanese state form”is quite different before and after World War II, it can be reflected from the status and role of the emperor in the constitutional system.Before the Second World War, the Japanese state form was an important concept in the field of law and politics. The legal basis and connotation established by it were concentratedly embodied in the provisions of the Meiji Constitution concerning the emperors supremacy of state power and other theocracy status.After World War Ⅱ, the Japanese government insisted on the interpretation of the so-called “post-war state form unchanged”,and bound the concept of the Japanese state form with the symbolic emperor system established by the post-war constitution, resulting in the creation of the symbolic image of the emperor directly related to the changes in the so-called post-war state form.By examining the status and role of the emperor in the pre-war and post-war constitutional systems, we can know that the relationship between the role of the emperor in the political life of the country and the Japanese state form in modern times is like two sides of the same coin. They are closely related to each other and cannot be separated.

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An Analysis of Japanese Industrial Chain Reconstruction Policy and Its Impact Under the Impact of the Epidemic

TIAN Zheng

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 38-48. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.005

Abstract （482）

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As the trend of globalization recedes, the phenomenon of divestment of the Japanese companies has attracted increasing attention. The industrial chain rupture caused by the impact of the epidemic has prompted Japan to maintain the stability of the industrial chain to a strategic level.Promoting the return of manufacturing companies to mainland Japan and achieving diversification of production in Southeast Asia are two important directions for the restructuring of Japanese industrial chain. The Japanese government has introduced an industrial chain adjustment policy and adopted industrial subsidy measures, which has produced practical effects for Japanese companies to transform their industrial chain.In the short term, the supply of Japanese medical and health equipment and key parts supply has been strengthened, and in the long term, the process of diversification and dispersion of Japanese companies industrial chains has been accelerated.The current impact on the stable development of Chinas economy is relatively small, and China-Japan economic and trade relations have withstood the dual challenges of Sino-US trade frictions and the impact of the epidemic, and there has been no large-scale withdrawal of Japanese companies.

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A Study on Host Country Characteristics and Industry Heterogeneity of Japans Motivation for OFDI in Asia

ZHENG Lei,ZHU Ning,LAN Tian

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 49-62. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.006

Abstract （503）

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In the strategic deployment of Japans OFDI, Asian countries(regions)have been playing an important role. The differences in economic environment, political system, and factor endowment among Asian countries affect the formulation and adjustment of internal management plans and foreign investment strategies of Japanese MNCs. In this paper, the micro-data of 1,242 Japanese enterprises carrying out OFDI in 11 countries(regions)in Asia from 2007 to 2018 are adopted to empirically study the OFDI of Japanese MNCs in Asia from the perspective of investment motivation by taking the method of logit model and count model. The results show that firstly, Japan focuses more on Asian countries(regions)with better investment system environment, and obviously prefers market seeking, efficiency seeking, and resource seeking investments, while asset seeking investments are lacking. Secondly, from the perspective of countries, Japan is more market-driven in its investment in China and India, more efficiency-oriented in its investment in the five ASEAN countries, and more concerned about the institutional environment in its investment in the NIEs. Thirdly, from the perspective of industry, Japans OFDI of manufacturing industry is more efficiency-seeking, while that of mining industry is resource-seeking and that of service industry is more sensitive to the market size of a host country.

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The Characteristics and Trends of Bilateral Trade between China and Japan under COVID-19

LI Qing-ru

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 63-71. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.007

Abstract （675）

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In 2020, Japans total foreign trade fell due to the severe impact of COVID-19, with its bilateral trade with most partners shrinking to varying degrees. However, Sino-Japanese trade recovered steadily and in particular Japans exports to China increased in spite of various negative factors. Chinas share in Japans total exports and imports has increased. Sino-Japanese economic and trade ties are more closely linked both from the supply side and the demand side, and East Asian supply chain becomes even more resilient. In the post COVID-19 era and faced with growing uncertainty of world economy, Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation is still of great importance to the economic development of both countries and the stability of regional supply chain and economic development.

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Japans Punishment of Stalking Behavior and Its Implications

ZHENG Lin,JIN Tao

Japanese Research 2021, 35 (5): 72-80. DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2021.05.008

Abstract （1564）

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Japans Stalker Regulation Law was formulated based on the homicide that occurred in 1999. Since the enactment of the Stalker Regulation Law in 2000, every time a new type of stalking incident occurs, it had to be revised. The law has been revised three times in 2013, 2016, and 2021. In the first revision, the behavior of sending e-mail was included in the objects of penalty, and in the second revision, the stalking behavior related to SNS was strengthened. The third revision added punishment for obtaining location information through Global Positioning System without the permission of the other party and installing positioning equipment without the consent of the other party. The specific contents of Japans Stalker Regulation Law and its three revisions, as well as the ways to solve the stalking problem in the form of legislation and official and non-governmental cooperation, has some implications for China.

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