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Female Poverty in Japan from the Perspective of Gender: Group Composition, Causes, and Coping Strategy LI Zheng Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 9-21.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.002 Abstract （410）      PDF（pc） （6291KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save During the 30 years of Heisei, the poverty of Japanese women worsened. Young single women, single parent women(single mothers)and single elderly women constitute the main poverty groups of women. The poverty rate of the former exceeds 30%, and the latter two exceed 50%, far higher than the average level in Japan. The reason for womens poverty is that the traditional gender division of labor is still deeply rooted, and the institutional oppression and gender inequality in the workplace are still strong. Due to the unfriendly employment environment, poor women are in a disadvantageous position in the workplace. They are mostly engaged in informal employment with low wages and poor benefits. Over the past 30 years, the size of Japanese families has gradually shrunk and their functions have weakened. The social security system based on marriage relations has lagged behind the times. In particular, the arrival of the “single society” has actually exacerbated womens poverty. The Japanese government has launched a series of policies and measures to solve womens poverty, such as equal rights for men and women, promotion of womens participation in the workplace, and childcare support, but the effect is not as good as expected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Perceived Nuclear Safety in East Asia: A Comparative Study on China, Japan, and South Korea HE Yanmin, LEE Soocheol, ZHAO Di Japanese Research    2023, 37 (1): 47-61.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.01.005 Abstract （402）      PDF（pc） （7202KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Save In order to institutionalize nuclear risk information exchange within the region so as to establish an effective system for nuclear safety collaboration across East Asia, this paper surveyed 1563 residents in China, Japan, and South Korea on their knowledge of nuclear power in East Asia, their understanding of nuclear safety policies of their nation, their perceptions of nuclear safety in their nation, and their views on nuclear safety collaboration across East Asia. The results showed that residents in the capitals of China, Japan, and South Korea lacked basic knowledge of nuclear or understanding of nuclear safety policies of their nation, while they placed low trust in nuclear safety and information disclosure of the government and nuclear plant operators. Moreover, a majority of the respondents believed that there were no nuclear safety institutions in East Asia, or if there were, they were not a good guarantee of nuclear safety. In this study, real and comprehensive data on the knowledge and acceptance of nuclear power among residents in the capital cities of China, Japan, and South Korea were collected by means of questionnaires. Through a comparative analysis of the publics knowledge of nuclear power basics, their level of awareness of nuclear powerrelated risks, as well as their acceptance of their own nuclear power policies and their attitudes toward nuclear safety collaboration issues among countries in the East Asian region, recommendations are ultimately proposed that will help the East Asian region move toward a safer nuclear power business, with a view to contributing to the construction and design of future nuclear safety regimes in the East Asian region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Japanese Economy Under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Shocks, Countermeasures, and Structural Dilemmas HE Cheng Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 23-37.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.003 Abstract （566）      PDF（pc） （7727KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save The RussiaUkraine conflict has caused great uncertainty to the world economy, and the impact was quickly transmitted to Japan through trade and investment channels. The Japanese economy has been hit hard by the RussiaUkraine conflict. At the macro level, Japans real GDP has relapsed into recession, with high prices, sluggish consumer demand, and the current account balance turning from positive to negative. At the micro level, the business environment of enterprises has seriously deteriorated, especially for the small and mediumsized enterprises. Due to the squeezed profit margins, those enterprises are facing a crisis of survival. In response to the shock, Japan adopted relatively active economic countermeasures. However, these internal and external economic policies present various contradictions, exposing the internal structural difficulties of the Japanese economy. Currently, Japan takes the RussiaUkraine conflict as an opportunity to accelerate the promotion of economic security. But the real problems for Japan do not come from external uncertainties, but are rooted within the Japanese economy. Once the economic security strategy turn towards industrial protectionism, it will not only fail to guarantee basic economic security, but will bring even greater crises to the Japanese economy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Practice of Japanese Electoral Politics from the End of Edo Period to the Early Meiji Period ZHANG Yanru Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 70-80.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.007 Abstract （288）      PDF（pc） （5949KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save From the End of Edo Period to the Early Meiji Period, there were active theoretical discussions in the Japanese government and civil society on electoral politics. With the gradual deepening of theoretical discussion, in the realm of political thought, the meaning of election has gradually changed from official selection and recommendation to parliamentary election. Accompanied by theoretical discussion, the central and local governments at all levels have also tried out some election measures and electoral system investigation in the frequent system adjustment. The Gisei-kan, The kogisho, The shugiin, The Sain and The Genroin all had the nature of institutions that discuss politics, and there was a certain inheritance relationship between them. The selection of the constituent members of those institutions and the institutional investigation carried out by them are all aimed at enlarging the scope of political participants and promoting talents. It can be seen as a conservative electoral political practice by the central government. At the same time, accompanied by the local system reform, especially driven by the freedom and civil rights movement, the government carried out relatively open electoral political practice at the local level. The practice of election of members of the local assembly had accumulated experience in the design of the election system when the assembly was later established, and cultivated talents for political discussion. In the discussions and practices of early election politics, we can see not only the mixture and collision of western political ideas and traditional political culture, but also the interweaving and entanglement of different political trends, political demands, and political explorations. The complex political reality of the early Meiji era is revealed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Cognitive Logic of Energy Security in Post-War Japan: Also on the Energy Cognition During the Russia-Ukraine Conflict YIN Xiaoliang, LI Tianyi Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 14-22.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.002 Abstract （319）      PDF（pc） （5674KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save “Energy cognition” is a precondition for the formulation and implementation of energy policies, while energy policies are the product of “energy cognition”. In post-war Japan, cognition of energy security has undergone a structural transformation from a “single view” to a “comprehensive view”. In terms of connotation, it has undergone a process of “coal security concept” -“oil security concept” -“3E security concept” - “3E+S security concept”. Both the “coal security concept” and the “oil security concept” are based on a single energy source, which featured the “incrementorientedness” in policy design and practice. In the early 1990s, Japan deepened its cognition by adding “economic efficiency” and “environmental” to the single “energy security”. However, the 311 earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear accident revealed the shortcomings of the “3E security concept” . In response, Japan added “safety“ and upgraded it to the “3E+S security concept”, which balanced security with stability, efficiency and environmental protection. After the Russia-Ukraine conflict, there are emerging changes of the cognition of energy security in Japan,such as from a defensive approach to energy risks to active participation in global energy security governance, and a combination of the goals in “ex-Russia” and “ex-carbon”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Analysis of Japan’s Foreign Policy during the Russia-Ukraine Conflict QIAO Linsheng Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 1-13.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.001 Abstract （324）      PDF（pc） （7034KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict had a great impact on the Japanese society, which had been under the influence of pacifism for a long time. The Japanese government not only condemned Russia’s military actions, but also cooperated with European and American countries to assist Ukraine and gradually strengthened economic sanctions against Russia. At the bilateral level, Japan's diplomatic measures directly led to the significant deterioration of Japan-Russia relations, promoted the rapid improvement of JapanUkraine relations, and further strengthened the alliance between Japan and the United States. At the multilateral level, it has promoted cooperation between Japan and G7 countries, strengthened Japan's ties with NATO, and also led to Japan increasing its efforts to promote the Indo-Pacific strategy. At the same time, the Russia-Ukraine Conflict accelerated the transformation of Japan's security strategy and propelled Japan towards a “normalized country”. The Japanese government has provided non-lethal military equipment such as body armor and helmets to Ukraine, which is in a state of war, for the first time, and Prime Minister Kishida also made an exception to become the first Japanese leader to visit a war area in Japan's post-war history. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Analysis of Sino-Japanese Academic Exchanges since the Normalization of Diplomatic Relations ——Centered on Japanese Studies TANG Yongliang, WANG Zhentao Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 49-60.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.005 Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （6061KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save It has been half a century since the normalization of China-Japan diplomatic relations. During this period, along with the changes in the international political structure and the domestic situations of China and Japan, the political relations between the two countries have been moving forward amidst fluctuations, while cultural exchanges, including academic exchanges, have become an important bridge to promote communication and mutual understanding between the two countries. Taking Japanese studies as the starting point and focusing on the main subjects and important events of Sino-Japanese academic exchanges since the establishment of diplomatic relations, we try to analyze the process, characteristics and functions of Sino-Japanese academic exchanges, which may provide a perspective for constructing Sino-Japanese relations in the new era. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Consistency or Inconsistency Between Diplomatic Language and Actions: The Logic of Japan's Diplomacy Toward Russia in the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict ZHANG Jiayu Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 38-48.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.004 Abstract （354）      PDF（pc） （6010KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save This paper provides an analysis of Japans diplomatic approach towards Russia during the RussianUkrainian conflict, which reflects the contradictory and pragmatic characteristics inherent in Japanese diplomacy. By integrating materialistic and idealistic factors proposed by Wendt, this study examines Japans diplomatic language and actions. The findings indicate that Japans cognition of national interests, encompassing economic wealth and selfesteem, is jointly determined by materialistic and idealistic factors, thereby influencing the consistency or inconsistency between Japans diplomatic language and actions. When materialistic and idealistic factors have the same influence on the cognition of national interests, or when they are inconsistent but materialistic factors are not directly related to national security, Japan maintains consistency between diplomatic language and actions. However, when materialistic and idealistic factors clash in their influence on the cognition of national interests, particularly when materialistic factors directly relate to national security, Japan reveals incongruity between its diplomatic language and actions. In light of this, China should not only “heed its words” but also “observe its actions” closely, scrutinizing the underlying logic behind Japans diplomatic language and actions in order to discern the true intentions behind Japans diplomacy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Domestic Research on Issues Related to Japan and Africa in the 21st Century ZOU Shengying Japanese Research    2023, 37 (2): 61-69.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.02.006 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （4882KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Since the beginning of the Cold War, with the independence of African colonies, Japan has begun to pay attention to the emergence of young countries on the African continent. For Japan, Africa is of unique strategic importance, not only because it contains a lot of natural resources, but also has a market with a large population, and the cooperation of African countries helps Japan to pursue its UN diplomacy. Compared with research on China-Japan, Japan-U.S., and Japan-Europe related issues, domestic academics started late in the study of Japan-Africa related issues. But as China-Africa cooperation becomes closer and the African continent has once again become the stage of the great power game,studying Japan-Africa relations, Japans strategy towards Africa and Japan's dynamics in Africa can not only enrich our understanding of Japan's future direction, but also, by looking into the case of Japan's assistance to Africa, provide important implications for China to play an active role in international affairs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Coupling between the Training of Highly Skilled Workers and Japanese HRM Systems JIANG Chunhua, HAN Bing Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 47-59.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.005 Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （5836KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save The competitive advantage of Japanese manufacturing industry lies in the coupling relationship between the training of highly skilled workers and the Japanese HRM system. “Intellectual skills” are the key to cultivating highly skilled workers. It forms a coupling relationship with the work incentives generated under the HRM system. From the perspective of SHRM, the organizational characteristics of Japanese companies “operational-oriented” strategy and “group dynamics”, as well as the coupling between HRM systems, have both external and internal integration, resulting in the development of a large number of highly skilled workers in the production field. The coupling of HRM system leads to the phenomenon of “the management model of white-collar class applying to blue-color class”. At the beginning of a new era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, this paper demonstrates the theory of high-skilled workers training and HRM practice experience in Japanese manufacturing industry to provide some reference and inspiration for the development of Chinas manufacturing industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Japan’s Population Security on Its Future Trend and Countermeasures TIAN Xianglan, MA Zihan Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.001 Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （3939KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Japan’s population decline and major changes in its population structure make it face serious population security problems. The basic characteristics of Japan’s population security problems are the serious trend of Japan’s population decline, population aging and low birthrate, serious shortage of productive age population and labor force, and a sharp increase in sparsely populated areas and marginal hamlet. Japan’s population security has brought a heavy burden to Japan’s national finances and people’s lives. The domestic political situation has become more conservative under the influence of “white-haired democracy”. Members of the Self-Defense Force and national defense security have been affected, and the comprehensive national strength and international influence have been increasingly weakened. Japan is increasing the size of the population, improving the age structure of the population, enhancing the comprehensive quality of the population, and striving to ensure the population security through the“strategy against aging society”and the “strategy against low birthrate”. At the same time, it also strives to improve the social security system, build a regional symbiotic society, and alleviate population security problem and its impact on future trends through a series of comprehensive measures, such as the integrated reform of social security and taxation, and the construction of a regional comprehensive care system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development Experience and Implications of Dementia Welfare Policies for Elderly Care Residents in Japan WANG Jitong Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 22-34.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.003 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （5363KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Japan, the first country in the world to enter the super-aging society, has been committed to exploring the professional care mode of dementia and building a sustainable comprehensive care system for dementia since the 1980s, and has accumulated much practical experience. Based on Japans official open data, this paper explores the key points of dementia care in different periods by sorting out the development process of its dementia welfare policy. Drawing on the experience of Japan and taking into account the current situation in China, this paper proposes to establish specialized nursing services for dementia, develop community embedded nursing institutions, establish long-term nursing service system, and establish a comprehensive integrated community with medical and nursing integrated service, which has practical implications for China. This is conducive to building a professional, efficient, sustainable, and comprehensive integrated dementia nursing residential support system in China, and to achieving a service-oriented and dignified elderly life with dementia. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Cooperation Mode Between Enterprises and NGOs in Japans Foreign Aid DING Shaobin, LI Yanshen Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 22-31.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.003 Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （5113KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save In Japans foreign aid, the cooperation and participation of enterprises and NGOs is an important feature. Through the historical evolution of different stages of foreign aid, various cooperation models between them have taken shape, including asset cooperation type, social contribution type, social responsibility type, and CSV type. Enterprises and NGOs play an important role in Japans foreign aid, and the potential changes in the cooperation model between them have a significant impact on the development of Japans foreign aid affairs in the future. Chinas foreign aid can learn from Japans experience, enhance corporate social responsibility awareness, and promote collaboration between social organizations and diverse entities, in order to promote high-quality development of Chinas foreign aid affairs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Text and Interpretation: Research on the Meiji Constitution ZHANG Dong Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 60-70.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.006 Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （5587KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save In terms of text interpretation, the text itself, the effect and impact of the text, etc. together constitute the object of the interpreters understanding, and it is difficult for the interpreter to fully know the original meaning of the text. The same is true of constitutional texts. Particularly, articles of the Meiji Constitution are simple. It is necessary to rely on extra-textual factors when interpreting them. After Meiji restoration, one-sovereign and all people became the fundamental political foundation of Japan. The Mikados governance and the principle of “public discussion” were introduced into the Meiji Constitution and gradually institutionalized. The parliament participated in legislation but was not the main body of legislative power. The non-legal nature of the budget also limited the budget power of the parliament, but Article 67 of the constitution provided the possibility of compromise between the government and the parliament. The Meiji Constitution adopted the functional separation of power under the Mikados sovereignty, but Article 67 of the constitution provided a possibility for the compromise between the government and parliament. During the process of implementing the constitution, political conventions of senior statesman, cabinet unification, and imperias independence could supplement the deviation between constitution articles and practical politics, driving the staged changes between the constitutional interpretation and political state. While studying the Meiji Constitution, we should not be limited to the text, but should examine the context, the actions of politicians, laws and regulations, constitutional interpretation, and public opinion. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Japan’s Diplomacy towards the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Manifestations, Causes, Challenges, and Trends PANG Zhongpeng Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 35-46.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.004 Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （5879KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Given the crucial geopolitical position of the Eastern Mediterranean region, Japan has taken the opportunity to strengthen its diplomacy towards the region in recent years. Japan’s diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean region focuses heavily on promoting the resolution of hot and difficult issues in the region, maritime cooperation, energy cooperation, refugee assistance, and non-traditional security issues. While continuing to consolidate and deepen relations with important countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Japan has also gradually expanded its diplomacy with less influential countries such as Tunisia, Libya, and Syria in recent years. Japan’s continuous strengthening of diplomacy towards the Eastern Mediterranean region can be analyzed and interpreted from various aspects such as seeking geopolitical interests and demonstrating global influence. Due to various constraints, Japan’s diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean region will face some challenges and problems in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Implementation Mode, Effect and Dilemma of Japans “Tourism Diplomacy” Strategy LIU Qingmei Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 11-21.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.002 Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （5930KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save In 2002, the government led by Junichiro Koizumi first mentioned the importance of overseas tourists visiting Japan to the Japanese economy. In January 2007, with the revision of The Tourism Nation Promotion Basic Law, the Japanese government began to pay attention to the public diplomacy effect of overseas tourists visiting Japan. In the studies so far, the discussion around the policy of “building a nation through tourism” has formed a comprehensive trend, and a relatively clear consensus view has been reached, but few studies have paid attention to the combination of this strategy and public diplomacy theory. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Japanese government has implemented the strategy of “tourism diplomacy” mainly by loosening visa restrictions for overseas tourists to Japan and integrating and improving domestic tourism resources. In terms of effect, intuitive economic data verify the success of Japans “tourism diplomacy” mode, and in terms of the public diplomacy effect of enhancing its international image, the Japanese government still needs to make more efforts to win over the swing groups. Contradictions in policy making, uneven distribution of tourism resources between regions, and an aging population with declining birthrate are the major difficulties for Japans “tourism diplomacy”. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Formation and Evolution of Chinese Language Education in Modern Japan ——Centered on the Chinese Department of Tokyo Foreign Language School XU Jingbo, XU Xiaochun Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 42-50.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.005 Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （4936KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save On the basis and framework of Tou Tsuji(Chinese interpreter), the Chinese language education system in modern Japan was formed. The most important educational institution in the early stage was the Tokyo Foreign Language School, which was founded 1873. Historically, it is generally divided into two stages, or two periods, from June 1873(also said by some to be August)to 1886, generally known as the Old Tokyo Foreign Language School(referred to as “Old Foreign language”). It was revived again in 1899, on a more orderly scale, and lasted until after World War II(commonly referred to as the “New Foreign Language”). The Chinese Department in the school is the largest government-run Chinese language education institution in modern Japan. Compared with the foreign language education of the Western system such as English, French and German, which had the function of spreading civilization at the same time, Chinese language education was basically just a practical language education in the fields of diplomacy and trade. An investigation of the evolution of Tokyo Foreign Language School and the relevant government-run Chinese language education institutions can roughly grasp the historical context and basic characteristics of the evolution of Chinese language education in modern Japan. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Analysis of Yamakawa Kikues Thoughts on Womens Emancipation MENG Fei, CAI Mulin Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 69-80.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.008 Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （6486KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Yamakawa Kikue was one of the most important Japanese socialists in the 20th century. Her thoughts on the emancipation of proletarian women became the important reference for the Japanese feminist movement in the early 20th century. Yamakawa Kikue believed that the Japanese proletarian women were trapped in the predicament: the interference of the bourgeois feminist movement, the constraint of the feudal family system, and the old ideology of male superiority and female inferiority. In this regard, starting from Marxism, she pointed out that the root of womens problems lay in economic problems, and clarified the hypocrisy and oppression of the bourgeois feminist movement against proletarian women. She pointed out that the inner strength of realizing proletarian womens emancipation is the unity of all workers, the external support is the proletarian movement, and the practical return is the socialist mode of production. Once translated into Chinese, Yamakawa Kikues works on womens liberation exerted a certain influence on the early Chinese Marxists exploration of the road of Chinese womens liberation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Administrative Authority Issues in Japanese Epidemic Prevention Legislation LI Wenming Japanese Research    2023, 37 (3): 71-80.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.007 Abstract （71）      PDF（pc） （4812KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save In 1999, Japan made a change in the epidemic prevention legislation system by abolishing the Infectious Diseases Law of “great executive power” and implementing the Infectious Diseases Law of “small executive power”. Although this change avoids the malpractice of “excessive epidemic prevention” in some infectious diseases that can be effectively controlled by the Infectious Diseases Law, it also causes the problem of insufficient emergency authority of Japanese epidemic prevention administration in response to special major epidemics. After that, Japan supplemented this deficiency by enacting the New Influenza Special Measures Act. In 2020, Japan passed special legislation to expand the scope of application of the New Influenza Special Measures Act, which not only gives administrative agencies certain special measures in response to the coronavirus pandemic, but also sets a legislative precedent for responding to other major emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Analysis of Hara Cabinet‘s Reforms of Official Appointment System WEN Chunmei Japanese Research    2023, 37 (5): 13-21.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.05.002 Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （4513KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save In Japanese academia, the relationship between pre-World War II Japanese political parties and bureaucrats has traditionally been seen as one of opposition. However, during the late Meiji era to the early Taisho era, a distinct political system known as the “Kei-En System” emerged. This system saw Katsura Taro, representing the domain-based bureaucrats, and Saionji Kinmochi, the president of the Rikken Seiyūkai (Association of Friends of Constitutional Government), taking turns in power for 12 years. The “Kei-En System” reflected a nuanced political structure that went beyond mere confrontation, incorporating elements of coordinated cooperation between political parties and bureaucrats. This paper delves into the insights provided by the Hara Takashi Diary to analyze the concepts behind the reforms of official appointment system and their implementation by Hara Takashi, who was also the president of the Rikken Seiyūkai. It demonstrates how Hara successfully brought numerous experienced bureaucrats into the folds of the Rikken Seiyūkai and implemented reform measures, including broadening the scope for making appointments to highgrade senior officials. These measures not only expanded the Rikken Seiyūkai‘s influence to encompass antiparty domain-based bureaucrats,but also hastened the trend of bureaucrats joining political parties and running for elected positions-an occurrence referred to as the “bureaucratic partyization”.At the same time, by continuing the strategy of “bureaucratic partyization” that had been in place since the Kei-En era, Hara absorbed a large number of senior officials with administrative experience into the Rikken Seiyūkai (Association of Friends of Constitutional Government), thus reserving administrative talents for the transition to party politics. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Modernity Interpretation of Chinese Civilization in Ikedas Works and Its Contemporary Value JI Yaguang, MENG Ruizhu Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 60-68.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.007 Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （4720KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Japanese thinker Daigo Ikeda studied China based on its historical and traditional culture, pointing out that China is the key to achieving world peace and development. He talked with intellectuals around the world, analyzed the difficulties in Western modern civilization, and studied the cultural heritage of Chinese civilization from the perspective of “people-orientation”. In order to break the limitations of exclusivity and homogenization in Western modern civilization, Ikeda interpreted the modernity of Chinese civilization, pointing out that the “universality” of Chinese civilizations pacifism and the unity of axiology and ontology have the possibility to surpass Western modern civilization. Therefore, Ikeda is full of expectations for China in the 21st century, and believes that Chinese civilization will play an important role in forming a new world civilization order that truly conforms to the interests of human beings. Ikeda's interpretation of the modernity of Chinese civilization provides a comparative dimension between Eastern and Western civilizations for understanding the five outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization: continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness, and peace. It provides some inspiration and reference for the construction of modern Chinese civilization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Practice and Influence of Constructing the Concept of “Indigenous Peoples” in Japan LIN Shengai Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 51-59.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.006 Abstract （56）      PDF（pc） （4541KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save In the late 1990s, the construction and widespread dissemination of the concept of “indigenous peoples” in Japan marked a process where the rights of the indigenous Ainu people, such as human rights, freedom, culture, and tradition, gradually became incorporated into its domestic legal protection framework. In contrast to the concept of “aboriginal peoples”, which aims to showcase the independence and superiority of the Yamato ethnic group, the concept of “indigenous peoples” is recognized and respected as an independent ethnic cultural community in a country and society that acknowledges cultural diversity, presenting a progressive aspect. The fundamental purpose of Japans construction of the concept of “indigenous peoples” is to enhance national identity by reconstructing multicultural identities in the modern context where national identity is deeply influenced by the process of globalization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Analysis of Non-Economic Factors Driving Japans Post-war Privatization Movement LIU Hong Japanese Research    2024, 38 (1): 32-41.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.01.004 Abstract （50）      PDF（pc） （5553KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Japan implemented two large-scale privatization movements after World War II, primarily during the periods of Yasuhiro Nakasone and Junichiro Koizumi. By comparing the privatization movements during the Nakasone and Koizumi periods and analyzing the significant impacts of three factors: financial crises, political struggles, and external pressures, this paper attempts to identify a unique model of post-war privatization in Japan. Using the theoretical frameworks and methodologies of historical institutionalism and political entrepreneur, this paper attempts to find the profound historical institutional factors and the pivotal role exerted by political leaders in shaping the distinctive model of post-war privatization in Japan. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Formation of Nanto Tensou in the Authority Gap during the Nanbokucho Period MA Teng Japanese Research    2024, 38 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.05.002 Abstract （7）      PDF（pc） （666KB）（2）       Knowledge map    Save During the period of Nanbokucho, there were already particular tensous responsible for the affairs of Koufuku Temple, but at that time, the so-called “Nanto tensou” was only newly appointed tensous responsible for daily document affairs, which was updated and replaced with the promotion of official positions. This characteristic unchanged by the time Madenokouji Tsugufusa was promoted to tensou in 1376.When Tsugufusa was promoted to the position of gondainagon in 1383, it was customary for a newly appointed tensou to take over Koufuku Temple affairs,yet the long absence of a replacement suggested a significant shift in the characteristic of Nantotensou.During the Nanbokucho period,tensou was rarely directly involved in negotiations in gosous from temples and shrines.In fact,Tsugufusa did not actually intervene in Koufuku Temple affairs in 1379—1383,which was in line with previous practice.It was only the Koufuku Temple gosou in Kouryaku period that created the illusion in the Kennaiki that Tsugufusa was appointed as Nantotensou in Kouryaku period.Referring to the handling methods of the two gosou by Ouan and Kouryaku period, it can be seen that there was an authority gap between the Kuge, Bakufu, and Jisya after the reign of gokougon tennou, which cannot be simply understood as the shogunates absorption of Kuges power. Therefore, the year of 1383 was also an important watershed for the changes in the political landscape during the Muromachi era. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Multidimensional Examination of Japans Post-War Recovery Based on the Korean War WANG Xiaorong, CHENG Yu Japanese Research    2024, 38 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2024.05.001 Abstract （8）      PDF（pc） （620KB）（2）       Knowledge map    Save On June 25, 1950, the outbreak of the Korean War brought a turning point to Japan, which was still immersed in the mood of defeat. The United States urgent participation in the war made it necessary to rely on Japans war resources and to re-evaluate Japans strategic value. Additionally, the signing of the “Treaty of Peace with Japan” and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty relieved Japans worries about its future to promote the “Yoshida Line”. Furthermore, the rapid left turn and failure of the Japanese Communist Party during the war greatly weakened the left-wing forces in Japan, paving the way for the rapid development of capitalism. In the face of the first war crisis in East Asia after World War II, Japan took full advantage of the situation to quickly complete the transition to a normal country and embarked on the fast track of economic development. It can be said that Japan was the biggest winner in the entire Korean War. To trace the root of Japans rapid post-war recovery, it is necessary to make a multidimensional examination of the role Japan played in the Korean War and the opportunities it faced. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）