Abstract: For the evolution of employment system in Japanese enterprises, the microperspective analysis of organizational behavior can explain its evolution motivation and mechanism more fully. The traditional employment system in Japan supported the formation of enterprise competitive advantages by three mechanisms: resource support, longterm incentive support, and organization and coordination support. With some big changes of the internal and external environment, the employment system of Japanese enterprises had shown its advantages and disadvantages different from the previous ones, and is facing new opportunities and threats. Under such circumstances, the employment system of Japanese enterprises has undergone changes in many aspects, including diversified forms of employment, diversified recruitment strategies, marketoriented training and development, networked organizational information exchange, flexible working methods, performancebased incentive, and integration of organizational culture. This shows its evolution trendenhancing “strategic flexibility”. The new employment system is faced with the new problem of how to maintain those original organizational advantages and how to integrate with the new content to develop new advantages.

Key words: Japanese enterprise employment system, adaptive evolution, analysis of organizational behavior