Abstract: The modernized process of the oldage insurance system in Japan and Korea has both the experiences, such as government dominating, legislation first, equity of rights and obligations in the system design and operation, and multilevel and multilevel protection methods, and problems, such as difficulties in the persistent pension payment, the existence of unfair payment and overreliance on the ability of individual economic payment, but the two countries have established a relatively thorough system of oldage security in rural areas. The experiences are greater than the lessons. The enlightenment to China is to promote the modernization of the oldage insurance system in rural areas must intensify the development of the law, increase the function of the government, improve the multilevel security system and realize the diversified ways of oldage care to enhance the peasants' sense of happiness and gain.

Key words: modernization of oldage insurance system in rural areas, Japan, South Korea, enlightenment