关键词: 明治维新, 革命或改革, 绝对主义, 尊王攘夷, 国家意识

Abstract: Reviewing research on Meiji Restoration, many scholars have achieved fruitful results, but there are also some unanswered questions. A review of research shows that the view of different times was influenced by different contexts. Meiji Restoration is a typical example, and the original meaning of “Sonnōjōi” is underestimated. Japan established a national system of “one king and all people” during the Meiji Restoration, and its strong national consciousness has been playing an important role in the following more than hundred years.

Key words: Meiji Restoration, reform, absolutism, Sonnōjōi Movement, national consciousness