Table of Content

25 June 2023, Volume 37 Issue 3

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The Impact of Japan’s Population Security on Its Future Trend and Countermeasures

TIAN Xianglan, MA Zihan

2023, 37(3):  1-8.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.001

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Japan’s population decline and major changes in its population structure make it face serious population security problems. The basic characteristics of Japan’s population security problems are the serious trend of Japan’s population decline, population aging and low birthrate, serious shortage of productive age population and labor force, and a sharp increase in sparsely populated areas and marginal hamlet. Japan’s population security has brought a heavy burden to Japan’s national finances and people’s lives. The domestic political situation has become more conservative under the influence of “white-haired democracy”. Members of the Self-Defense Force and national defense security have been affected, and the comprehensive national strength and international influence have been increasingly weakened. Japan is increasing the size of the population, improving the age structure of the population, enhancing the comprehensive quality of the population, and striving to ensure the population security through the“strategy against aging society”and the “strategy against low birthrate”. At the same time, it also strives to improve the social security system, build a regional symbiotic society, and alleviate population security problem and its impact on future trends through a series of comprehensive measures, such as the integrated reform of social security and taxation, and the construction of a regional comprehensive care system.

Female Poverty in Japan from the Perspective of Gender: Group Composition, Causes, and Coping Strategy

LI Zheng

2023, 37(3):  9-21.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.002

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During the 30 years of Heisei, the poverty of Japanese women worsened. Young single women, single parent women(single mothers)and single elderly women constitute the main poverty groups of women. The poverty rate of the former exceeds 30%, and the latter two exceed 50%, far higher than the average level in Japan. The reason for womens poverty is that the traditional gender division of labor is still deeply rooted, and the institutional oppression and gender inequality in the workplace are still strong. Due to the unfriendly employment environment, poor women are in a disadvantageous position in the workplace. They are mostly engaged in informal employment with low wages and poor benefits. Over the past 30 years, the size of Japanese families has gradually shrunk and their functions have weakened. The social security system based on marriage relations has lagged behind the times. In particular, the arrival of the “single society” has actually exacerbated womens poverty. The Japanese government has launched a series of policies and measures to solve womens poverty, such as equal rights for men and women, promotion of womens participation in the workplace, and childcare support, but the effect is not as good as expected.

The Development Experience and Implications of Dementia Welfare Policies for Elderly Care Residents in Japan

WANG Jitong

2023, 37(3):  22-34.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.003

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Japan, the first country in the world to enter the super-aging society, has been committed to exploring the professional care mode of dementia and building a sustainable comprehensive care system for dementia since the 1980s, and has accumulated much practical experience. Based on Japans official open data, this paper explores the key points of dementia care in different periods by sorting out the development process of its dementia welfare policy. Drawing on the experience of Japan and taking into account the current situation in China, this paper proposes to establish specialized nursing services for dementia, develop community embedded nursing institutions, establish long-term nursing service system, and establish a comprehensive integrated community with medical and nursing integrated service, which has practical implications for China. This is conducive to building a professional, efficient, sustainable, and comprehensive integrated dementia nursing residential support system in China, and to achieving a service-oriented and dignified elderly life with dementia.

Japan’s Diplomacy towards the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Manifestations, Causes, Challenges, and Trends

PANG Zhongpeng

2023, 37(3):  35-46.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.004

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Given the crucial geopolitical position of the Eastern Mediterranean region, Japan has taken the opportunity to strengthen its diplomacy towards the region in recent years. Japan’s diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean region focuses heavily on promoting the resolution of hot and difficult issues in the region, maritime cooperation, energy cooperation, refugee assistance, and non-traditional security issues. While continuing to consolidate and deepen relations with important countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Japan has also gradually expanded its diplomacy with less influential countries such as Tunisia, Libya, and Syria in recent years. Japan’s continuous strengthening of diplomacy towards the Eastern Mediterranean region can be analyzed and interpreted from various aspects such as seeking geopolitical interests and demonstrating global influence. Due to various constraints, Japan’s diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean region will face some challenges and problems in the future.

Coupling between the Training of Highly Skilled Workers and Japanese HRM Systems

JIANG Chunhua, HAN Bing

2023, 37(3):  47-59.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.005

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The competitive advantage of Japanese manufacturing industry lies in the coupling relationship between the training of highly skilled workers and the Japanese HRM system. “Intellectual skills” are the key to cultivating highly skilled workers. It forms a coupling relationship with the work incentives generated under the HRM system. From the perspective of SHRM, the organizational characteristics of Japanese companies “operational-oriented” strategy and “group dynamics”, as well as the coupling between HRM systems, have both external and internal integration, resulting in the development of a large number of highly skilled workers in the production field. The coupling of HRM system leads to the phenomenon of “the management model of white-collar class applying to blue-color class”. At the beginning of a new era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, this paper demonstrates the theory of high-skilled workers training and HRM practice experience in Japanese manufacturing industry to provide some reference and inspiration for the development of Chinas manufacturing industry.

Text and Interpretation: Research on the Meiji Constitution

ZHANG Dong

2023, 37(3):  60-70.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.006

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In terms of text interpretation, the text itself, the effect and impact of the text, etc. together constitute the object of the interpreters understanding, and it is difficult for the interpreter to fully know the original meaning of the text. The same is true of constitutional texts. Particularly, articles of the Meiji Constitution are simple. It is necessary to rely on extra-textual factors when interpreting them. After Meiji restoration, one-sovereign and all people became the fundamental political foundation of Japan. The Mikados governance and the principle of “public discussion” were introduced into the Meiji Constitution and gradually institutionalized. The parliament participated in legislation but was not the main body of legislative power. The non-legal nature of the budget also limited the budget power of the parliament, but Article 67 of the constitution provided the possibility of compromise between the government and the parliament. The Meiji Constitution adopted the functional separation of power under the Mikados sovereignty, but Article 67 of the constitution provided a possibility for the compromise between the government and parliament. During the process of implementing the constitution, political conventions of senior statesman, cabinet unification, and imperias independence could supplement the deviation between constitution articles and practical politics, driving the staged changes between the constitutional interpretation and political state. While studying the Meiji Constitution, we should not be limited to the text, but should examine the context, the actions of politicians, laws and regulations, constitutional interpretation, and public opinion.

Administrative Authority Issues in Japanese Epidemic Prevention Legislation

LI Wenming

2023, 37(3):  71-80.  DOI: 10.14156/j.cnki.rbwtyj.2023.03.007

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In 1999, Japan made a change in the epidemic prevention legislation system by abolishing the Infectious Diseases Law of “great executive power” and implementing the Infectious Diseases Law of “small executive power”. Although this change avoids the malpractice of “excessive epidemic prevention” in some infectious diseases that can be effectively controlled by the Infectious Diseases Law, it also causes the problem of insufficient emergency authority of Japanese epidemic prevention administration in response to special major epidemics. After that, Japan supplemented this deficiency by enacting the New Influenza Special Measures Act. In 2020, Japan passed special legislation to expand the scope of application of the New Influenza Special Measures Act, which not only gives administrative agencies certain special measures in response to the coronavirus pandemic, but also sets a legislative precedent for responding to other major emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the future.