Abstract: The Japanese Communist Party(JCP), one of the longest-established and relatively large-membership parties in the capitalist world, has consistently upheld Marxism as its guiding ideology since its founding. Reviewing its century-long history of Marxist dissemination, from the theoretical groundwork laid in its early years, through postwar revival and programmatic adjustments, to contemporary theoretical reflection, the JCP has persistently confronted three structural predicaments: limited localization development, marginalized political status, and weak class foundation. In response, the JCP must continuously deepen theoretical innovation to advance the localization of Marxism; actively broaden its class base to cultivate a team of Marxist propagators; and strengthen international exchange and cooperation to draw on the socialist experiences of other nations. At the same time, the experience and lessons learned by the JCP in organizational construction and theoretical innovation have important reflective value for the construction of the Communist Party in the new era.

Key words: Japanese Communist Party, dissemination of Marxism, practical predicaments, pathways to resolution, contemporary reflection