Abstract: The problem of declining birth rate is a prominent issue in Japanese society, which has been elevated to a strategic level of shaking the foundation of social survival. The Japanese government has conducted long-term exploration from the perspectives of policy design and education reform to cope with this population crisis. This study uses historical research and policy analysis methods to sort out the policy evolution trajectory of Japan‘s response to the problem of low birth rate, and systematically analyzes its triple logic from institutional construction, conceptual transformation to practical path. Therefore, it points out the policy changes of Japan in resolving the crisis of low birth rate at the level of education policy. Research has found that in the era of declining birth rate, Japan‘s children’s policies emphasize the adoption of innovative measures and the comprehensive construction of a child growth guarantee system. At the top-level design level, support is provided from multiple dimensions such as economic support, social environment optimization, talent cultivation, and family development. At the content level, it emphasizes the reconstruction of cognition, concepts, content, and guarantees, and thus constructs a new collaborative education ecosystem for high-quality development of children.

Key words: Japan, declining birth rate, collaborative education, Children‘s Future Action