Abstract: Japans Liberal Democratic Party is a long-term ruling party in Japan. After the end of the “Fifth Five-Year System”, the party faces various challenges including election competition, internal governance, administration, and inter-party cooperation. Faced with the dramatic changes in Japans political environment, the Liberal Democratic Party has both the advantage of being a major party and the possibility of being powerless. On the one hand, the change in the competition mechanism between political parties has put higher demands on the Liberal Democratic Party, and the increase in “mobile voters” has led to greater uncertainty in the election results; on the other hand, the complex situation of domestic and foreign affairs highlights the limitations of the Liberal Democratic Partys comprehensive governance ability, and the stability of the cabinet is being tested.

Key words: Japans Liberal Democratic Party, the “Fifth Five-Year System”, dilemma, election performance, “Revolving Door” Cabinet