Abstract: The Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), as a specialized agency of the Japanese government responsible for the implementation of foreign official development assistance(ODA), aims to promote the economic and social development of developing countries and international cooperation. Since the independence of the five Central Asian countries from the Soviet Union, Japan, through JICA, has continued to strengthen its cooperative relations with the five Central Asian countries. There have been many studies on Japans assistance to the five Central Asian countries, but there is little mention of its content in health and medical assistance. Research shows that Japan has played a significant soft power effect for its long-term interests and cooperation with the United States to restrict the influence of China and Russia in Central Asia by improving the medical and health services of the five Central Asian countries, strengthening public health management in the region, and strengthening health cooperation and exchanges and other health assistance means, which poses a challenge to the influence of the “SCO” and may weaken Chinas “The Belt and Road Initiative”, but it still faces many difficulties in trying to balance Chinas influence in Central Asia.

Key words: Japan International Cooperatim Agency, five Central Asian countries, health assistance, official development assistance