Abstract: Confronted with the internal and external challenges, modern Japan's national isolation system over two hundred years gradually collapsed. The farsighted people in modern Japan began to rethink about the disadvantages of their national isolation system, and turned to advocating opening country and making trade in order to develop the national economy and achieve the national prosperity. Japan's traditional ideologists and enlightenment ideologists came up with their own ideas and opinions about opening country and trading issues from different perspectives, therefore the ideological contention emerged.

Key words: eve of Meiji, Japan's opening country and trade, economic thought, western learning